Enye yezinsika ezingenakuphikwa zeminyaka ebizwa ngokuthi yigolide yemivubukulo yaseMexico kwakunguDkt Alfonso Caso y Andrade, isazi semivubukulo esivelele esinobuhlakani, ukuzinikela kanye nokuziphatha ekwenzeni ucwaningo lwaso, emkhakheni naselebhu, eshiye ingcebo i-oda lokuqala.
Phakathi kokutholakele kwayo okukhulu, idolobha laseMonte Albán langaphambi kweSpanishi livelele, neTomb 7 lalo elihle, nezindawo eziningana eMixteca, njengeYucuita, Yucuñidahui neMonte Negro, eTilantongo. Umkhiqizo walokhu okutholakele wawunenqwaba yezincwadi, izindatshana, imibiko, izingqungquthela nezincwadi ezithandwayo, okusadingeka ekutadisheni amasiko aseMesoamerican, ikakhulukazi iZapotec, Mixtec neMexico.
UDon Alfonso Caso wayebaluleke kakhulu ekuphenyweni kwendawo yamasiko e-Oaxaca; Kusukela ngo-1931, futhi isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabili, wazinikezela ekufundeni iMonte Albán, indawo ayithola iguqulwe yaba yipulazi, enezimila ezigcwele izimila zasendulo. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe onzima, lapho athola khona usizo hhayi nje lwabanye abavubukuli kuphela kodwa ochwepheshe abaningi futhi ikakhulukazi abasebenzi bezinsuku abahlala futhi abahlala namanje eduze nale ndawo enhle kangaka, wakwazi ukuthola ngokuphelele izakhiwo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabili kwamakhulu izikwele ezinkulu ezakha izinsalela zaleli dolobha elikhulu langaphambi kweSpanishi. Ayebaluleke ngokulinganayo amathuna ayi-176 awahlola, ngoba ngocwaningo lwakhe wakwazi ukucacisa indlela yokuphila yabantu baseZapotec nabakwaMixtec, lokhu ngaphandle kokubala izakhiwo ezingenakubalwa ezivela kwezinye izingosi lapho enweba khona iphrojekthi yakhe enkulu, endaweni yaseMixtec nase Indawo yokuvubukula yaseMitla, eSigodini sase-Oaxaca.
UDkt. Caso uthathwa njengommeleli wamanje womcabango obizwa ngokuthi isikole saseMexico semivubukulo, okusho ukuthi ulwazi ngamasiko aphakeme aseMesoamerican ngokufunda ngokuhlelekile kokuboniswa kwabo kwamasiko ahlukene, njengokuvubukula, ezolimi, i-ethnography, umlando nokufundwa kwabantu, konke kuhlanganisiwe ukuqonda ukujula kwezimpande zamasiko. Lesi sikole sasikholelwa ekubalulekeni kokwakha kabusha ubuciko obuhle kakhulu balawo masiko, ngenhloso yokwazi ngokujula nokwenza sobala umlando wokhokho bethu, ikakhulukazi emehlweni entsha yanamuhla. Ngalokhu, wayesuselwa ezifundweni ezibucayi zezinkulumo ezahlukahlukene, ezinjengokwakhiwa kwamathempeli, izigodlo namathuna, izinto zobumba, izinsalela zabantu, izincwadi ezingcwele, amamephu, izinto zamatshe nokunye, uCaso eza ukuhumusha ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yokufunda.
Enye yeminikelo yakhe ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlukaniswa kohlelo lokubhala kwamasiko wangaphambi kweSpanishi ase-Oaxaca, eza ukuqonda ama-hieroglyphs amaZapotec ayewasebenzisa kusukela ngo-500 BC, ukuqamba abantu, ukubala isikhathi kanye balandisa ngokunqoba kwabo, emibhalweni eyinkimbinkimbi eqoshwe ematsheni amakhulu. Esikhathini esithile kamuva, ngasekunyakeni wama-600 wesikhathi sethu, ngalolu hlelo lokubhala babala ngaphezu kwazo zonke izivivinyo zabo ezinodlame emadolobheni, badela abanye futhi bathumba abaholi babo, konke lokhu kwakuqinisekisa ubukhulu babantu baseZapotec, inhloko-dolobha yabo kwakunguMonte U-Alban.
Ngokunjalo, wahumusha uhlelo lokubhala lweMixtec, abantu balo ababonakala ezincwadini ezenziwe ngesikhumba sezinyamazane futhi zapendwa ngemibala egqamile, ukuxoxa izinganekwane ngemvelaphi yayo, ngemvelaphi yayo evela emhlabeni kanye namafu, izihlahla namatshe. , kanye nemilando eyinkimbinkimbi — phakathi kwangempela nenganekwane– yabalingiswa ababalulekile, njengabapristi, ababusi namaqhawe alabo bantu. Omunye wemibhalo yokuqala okumele ichazwe kwakuyiMephu yeTozacoalco, lapho uDkt Caso akwazi khona ukusungula ukuxhumana phakathi kwekhalenda lasendulo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamasiko ethu nsuku zonke, futhi kwamvumela nokuthi athole indawo okwakhiwe kuyo iMixtec noma i-usauusavi, amadoda amafu.
U-Oaxaca akagcinanga ngokuthola ukunakekelwa kukaCaso kwezemfundo, wafunda namasiko nenkolo yama-Aztec futhi waba ngomunye wochwepheshe bawo abakhulu. Wacacisa amatshe amaningi aqoshwe amatshe amelela izithixo zasenkabeni yeMexico, njengePiedra del Sol, eyayikhathaza ezinye izazi eziningi ezikhathini zangaphambili. UCaso uthole ukuthi futhi kwakuwuhlelo lwekhalenda, oluyingxenye yesiko laseMexico empandeni wazo okuyizinganekwane zalo zemvelaphi. Ubuye wachaza imingcele yendawo kanye nenqwaba yemicimbi ebandakanya onkulunkulu balokho akubiza ngokuthi yiPueblo del Sol, abantu baseMexico, ababephethe kakhulu ikusasa labanye abantu baseMesoamerican esikhathini esiseduze nokunqotshwa kweSpanishi. .
Imivubukulo yaseMexico ikweleta kakhulu uDon Alfonso Caso, ngoba, njengombonisi omkhulu, wayengumsunguli wezikhungo ezaqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwezifundo zemivubukulo, njengeNational School of Anthropology, lapho aqeqesha khona inani elikhulu abafundi, kufaka phakathi amagama abavubukuli kanye nezazi zesintu sesiqu sika-Ignacio Bernal, Jorge R. Acosta, Wigberto Jiménez Moreno, Arturo Romano, Román Piña Chan noBarbro Dahlgren, ukubala nje abambalwa; kanye neMexico Society of Anthropology, okuhloswe ngayo ukukhuthaza ukushintshana kwemibono phakathi kososayensi kugxile ocwaningweni lomuntu.
UCaso uphinde wasungula lezo zikhungo ezaqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwamagugu aseMexico, njengeNational Institute of Anthropology and History kanye neNational Museum of Anthropology. Ukufunda kwakhe ngamasiko asendulo kwamenza wazisa abantu bomdabu abakhona manje abalwela ukuqashelwa eMexico yanamuhla. Ngokweseka kwakhe, wasungula iNational Indigenous Institute, okuyinhlangano ayesayigijimile ngaphambi nje kokuba ashone ngo-1970, ngesifiso sakhe sokuvuselela, njengoba esho, "iNdiya eliphilayo, ngolwazi lwendiya laseNdiya elifile."
Ezinsukwini zethu, izikhungo ezasungulwa nguCaso zisaqhubeka enkabeni yenqubomgomo yamasiko kazwelonke, njengophawu lombono ongajwayelekile wososayensi, okuwukuphela kwenjongo yakhe, njengoba azibonela, kwakuwukufuna iqiniso.
