UGraeme Stewart, intatheli yaseScotland ehlala eMexico City, ubuza ngentshiseko yomnyuziyamu yezwe ayelibambile.
Kungashiwo ukuthi, kuwo wonke amazwe aseLatin America, iMexico iyona ethanda kakhulu okwedlule namasiko ayo, futhi ukufakazela lokhu, bheka nje olayini abade bokungena emibukisweni ehlukahlukene yobuciko naseminyuziyamu. Izinkulungwane zilayini ukubona imibukiso yakamuva; lezi zigcawu zisikhumbuza lezo ezibonakala emibukisweni emikhulu yobuciko naseminyuziyamu eMadrid, eParis, eLondon naseFlorence.
Kepha kunomehluko omkhulu: ezikhungweni ezinkulu zobuciko emhlabeni abaningi, uma kungenjalo iningi lalabo abalayini phambi kwePrado, iLouvre, iBritish Museum noma i-Uffizi, bangabavakashi. EMexico, iningi elikhulu lalabo abalinde ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga ngabantu baseMexico, abantu abavamile abazimisele ngokungaphuthelwa yimibukiso yobuciko yakamuva evulwa emadolobheni amakhulu ezwe.
Abantu baseMexico banamasiko amasiko, okungukuthi, kubonakala sengathi banesithakazelo esijulile ezindabeni ezihlobene nezimpande zabo. Futhi lapho lezo zimpande zibonakala embukisweni, azinqikazi: izikole, izimboni nezinkampani ziyahlangana, zithenge amathikithi futhi zivikele indawo yazo kulayini ongazungeza amabhulokhi ambalwa edolobha lapho izixuku zabathandi baseMexico zilinda ithuba lazo. ukujabulela ubuciko, isayensi nomlando.
Umkhuba ophikelelayo
URoxana Velásquez Martínez del Campo akakwazi ukufihla intshiseko yakhe lapho ekhuluma ngabaseMexico nothando lwabo nokwazisa kwabo ubuciko. Njengomqondisi wePalacio de Bellas Artes, umsebenzi wakhe ukuheha, ukuhlela nokwazisa ngemibukiso efakwe kulo mnyuziyamu, isakhiwo esingajwayelekile kodwa esihle esangaphandle yiNeo-Byzantine kanti ngaphakathi sisesitayeleni esiqinile se-Art Deco.
Ngamehlo agqamile nokumamatheka okukhulu, uyaphawula, “Mhlawumbe yisici sethu esihle kakhulu. Ngokwaphula wonke amarekhodi okuhambela imibukiso yobuciko, sikhombisa umhlaba ukuthi iMexico yizwe elinentshisekelo enkulu kumasiko alo. Imibukiso, amakhonsathi, ama-opera neminyuziyamu kuhlala kugcwele abantu baseMexico abayijabulelayo ”.
Ngokusho kwalesi sikhulu, lokhu akumangazi, ngoba “iMexico ibiyindawo yobuciko kusukela esikhathini sangaphambi kweSpanishi. Nasemadolobheni kuneminyuziyamu nemibukiso edonsa izixuku. Ungathatha itekisi bese umshayeli wetekisi ezoqala akhulume ngemibukiso yakwamanye amazwe engakhonjiswa. Nakhu sekukhona ”.
Phakathi namakhulu amathathu eminyaka wobuqotho, ubuciko namasiko kwakusho konke kubantu baseMexico. Konke kwakugujwa, kusukela kubuciko obungcwele kuya kusilivaware. Kwenzeka okufanayo ngekhulu le-19 nele-20, futhi abaculi abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba badonswa eMexico. “Lokho kwashiya isiko elingenakulibaleka engqondweni yabantu baseMexico. Njengoba safunda amabanga aphansi bayasivakashela izindawo zemibukiso neminyuziyamu.
Okwakudala
Ngokwenqubo yolwazi ngamasiko yoMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezamasiko Nezobuciko (IConaculta, inhlangano ebumbene ebhekele izindaba zamasiko), eminyuziyamu engu-1,112 ezweni lonke, ayi-137 aseMexico City. Lapho uvakashela inhlokodolobha yaseMexico, kungani ungaqali ngezinye zezindawo okufanele uzibone?
• Ukubona ubuciko bangaphambi kweSpanishi, iya kuMeya waseMuseo del Templo (Seminario 8, Centro Histórico), lapho kukhonjiswa khona izingcezu ezihlukile ezitholwe esikhungweni semikhosi esikhulu sama-Aztec. Imnyuziyamu inezindawo ezimbili, ezinikezelwe kumhlaba wezinto ezibonakalayo nezingokomoya zesiko laseMexico. Ngezinga elincane, u-Diego Rivera waklama i-Anahuacalli, "indlu yomhlaba echibini," ngesitayela saseMexico, isitudiyo sakhe esikuMuseo Street, ethimbeni laseCoyoacán. Amasiko angaphambi kweSpanishi ezweni lonke aneMuseum of Anthropology (iPaseo de la Reforma neGandhi), engenye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni.
• Labo abanentshisekelo kubuciko bekholoni laseMexico kanye nekhulu le-19 leminyaka bazothola izingcezu ezinhle eNational Museum of Art (Munal, Tacuba 8, Centro Histórico). Abathandi bomculo kufanele babheke futhi nemibukiso yezobuciko e-Franz Mayer Museum (Av. Hidalgo 45, Centro Histórico).
• I-Colegio de San Ildefonso (i-Justo Sierra 16, i-Historic Center) iyinkimbinkimbi enikelwe imibukiso yesikhashana.
• Kulabo abathanda ubuciko obungcwele, kukhona iMuseum of the Basilica of Guadalupe (Plaza de las Américas, Villa de Guadalupe) kanye neMuseum of the Sacred Scriptures (Alhambra 1005-3, Col. Portales).
• Ubuciko besimanjemanje bungelinye lamakhadi aqinile eMexico, futhi azishodi izindawo zokubabaza. Izinketho ezimbili ezinhle kakhulu yiTamayo Museum (iPaseo de la Reforma neGandhi), eyakhiwa ngo-1981 nguTeodoro González de León no-Abraham Zabludovsky, nangaphesheya nje komgwaqo, iMuseum of Modern Art. Amakamelo ayindilinga ezakhiwo zawo ezingamawele aqukethe isampula ephelele yemidwebo evela enyakeni wezobuciko waseMexico wekhulu lama-20.
• Kuneminyuziyamu eminingana ebekelwe impilo nomsebenzi kaDiego noFrida, kubandakanya iMuseo Casa Estudio Diego Rivera y Frida Kahlo (Diego Rivera 2, Col. San Ángel Inn) kanye neMuseo Casa Frida Kahlo (London 247, Col. Del. UCarmen Coyoacán).
• IMexico yaziwa kakhulu ngemisebenzi yezandla, futhi indawo enhle kakhulu ongayithanda yiMuseo de Arte Popular (ekhoneni leRevillagigedo ne-Independencia, eCentro Histórico) esanda kumiswa.
• Isayensi nobuchwepheshe bamelwe eminyuziyamu emithathu eseHlathi leChapultepec: iScience and Technology Museum, iPapalote Children's Museum kanye ne-Natural History Museum.
Akuvamile futhi kuyathandeka
Kungenzeka ukuthi amaqoqo amancane angaziwa futhi ahlukahlukene eMexico City afingqa ukomela izwe okunganeliseki kwemibukiso nemibukiso. Umphakathi olutha isiko kuphela ongakwazi ukuhamba neminyuziyamu ehlukahlukene njenge:
• Museum of Caricature (IDonceles 99, Isikhungo Somlando). Esakhiweni sekhulu le-18 elake laba yiColegio de Cristo. Izivakashi zingabona izibonelo zalesi siyalo kusuka ngo-1840 kuze kube manje.
• Umnyuziyamu Wezicathulo (iBolívar 36, Isikhungo Somlando). Izicathulo ezingavamile, ezingavamile nezikhethekile, kusukela eGrisi lasendulo kuze kube manje, egumbini elilodwa.
• IMexico City Photography Archive Museum (eduze kwesakhiwo seMeya yaseTemplo). Izithombe ezithakazelisayo ezibonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlokodolobha.
• Ezinye izingqikithi ezingajwayelekile zifaka iMuseo de la Pluma (Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Col. Lindavista), iMuseo del Chile y el Tequila (Calzada Vallejo 255, Col. Vallejo poniente), iMuseo Olímpico Mexicano (Av. Conscripto, Col. Lomas de Sotelo) kanye ne-Interactive Museum of Economics (Tacuba 17, Historic Center), ikomkhulu lalo kwakuyiBetlemitas Convent ngekhulu le-18.
Dweba izixuku
UCarlos Philips Olmedo, umqondisi jikelele weminyuziyamu eyimfihlo ethandwa kakhulu: iDolores Olmedo, iDiego Rivera Anahuacalli kanye noFrida Kahlo, bakholelwa ukuthi isidingo saseMexico sobuciko namasiko sivela othandweni lukazwelonke ngombala nefomu.
Ephefumula ngesikhathi embukisweni kaDiorge Rivera ePalacio de Bellas Artes, uyaqinisekisa: “Yebo, kuyinto eyenzekayo kepha kungokwemvelo, hhayi eyabaseMexico kuphela kodwa neyaso sonke isintu. Bheka nje umsebenzi wobuntu wabadwebi abakhulu njengomqophi waseBrithani uSir Henry Moore bese ubona ukuthi badume kangakanani emhlabeni jikelele. Imisebenzi emikhulu yobuciko inamandla okuhambisa abantu; kungokwemvelo emvelweni yethu ukuba nentshisekelo kwezobuciko, ukufuna ubuciko nokuziveza ngobuciko.
“Sesha lonke elaseMexico uzobona ukuthi kunombala omningi kuyo yonke into kusuka emakhaya ethu kuya ezingutsheni zethu kuya ekudleni kwethu. Mhlawumbe thina baseMexico sinesidingo esikhethekile sokubona izinto ezinhle nezimibalabala. Siyaqonda futhi ukuthi umculi onjengoFrida Kahlo wezwa kanjani ubuhlungu obukhulu futhi wabhekana nabo ngobuciko bakhe. Lokho kudonsa ukunaka kwethu; singakwazi ukubona nayo.
“Yingakho ngikholelwa ekutheni isifiso sobuciko siyinto esemvelweni yomuntu. Mhlawumbe kuyinto engaphakathi kancane kwabaseMexico; singabantu abachichimayo, abanethemba elihle futhi singakwazi ukubona imisebenzi emikhulu yobuciko kalula ”.
Amandla wokukhangisa
Ukuqhuma okuqabulayo kokungabaza kwaqhamuka kuFelipe Solís, umqondisi weNational Museum of Anthropology, indoda eqondise imibukiso eminingi yobukhulu bamazwe omhlaba, ezweni lesizwe nakwamanye amazwe.
INational Museum of Anthropology iyigugu elisesicongweni seminyuziyamu yaseMexico. Isakhiwo esikhulu sinezindawo zombukiso ezingama-26 ezihlelelwe ukukhombisa wonke amasiko endawo yangaphambi kweSpanishi ngesikhathi. Ukuthola okuhle kuzo, ababambiqhaza kufanele bahlele okungenani ukuvakashelwa okubili. Iheha amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu njalo ngezimpelasonto futhi okufunwayo kuphakama kakhulu uma ithola amasampula akhethekile, njengalawo avela koFaro ngo-2006 noma lowo wasePheresiya ngo-2007.
Kodwa-ke, uSolís akahlanganyeli nomqondo wokuthi abantu baseMexico banobudlelwano obukhethekile nobuciko. Esikhundleni salokho, uveza ukuthi inani elikhulu lababekhona emibukisweni esezingeni eliphezulu liqhutshwa yizinto ezintathu: ukukhonza, ukwazisa, nokwamukelwa kwamahhala kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-13. Ngokweqile, uthi: “Ngicabanga ukuthi inkolelo yokuthi abantu baseMexico banobuciko obukhethekile nobuciko akuyona nje into eyinsumansumane. Yebo, amakhulu ezinkulungwane aya emibukisweni emikhulu, kepha izingqikithi ezinjengofaro noma uFrida Kahlo yizihloko zehlelo.
“Ukwenza isibonelo kwenye inkolo, uma ngingahlanganisa umbukiso kaDiana, iNkosazana yaseWales, kuzoba nolayini abazungeza ibhulokhi, imini nobusuku, amasonto. Futhi umbukiso ngeke uhehe abantu ngaphandle kokuthi umenyezelwe kahle. Futhi, khumbula ukuthi izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-13 zikhululekile ukungena eminyuziyamu. Eqinisweni, amaphesenti ayi-14 kuphela ezivakashi eziya kulo mnyuziyamu ezikhokhela ukungena. Ngakho-ke abazali baletha izingane nezixuku zikhule. Uma uvakashela noma imuphi umnyuziyamu omncane, ozimele, ngeke uthole izivakashi eziningi. Ngiyaxolisa, kodwa angicabangi ukuthi abantu baseMexico banesifiso semvelo sobuciko namasiko esikhulu kunesabanye ”.
Ngaphakathi nangaphandle
Isazi semvelo no-Alejandra Gómez Colorado, esizinze eMexico City, saba nenjabulo yokuphikisana noSolís. Uyaziqhenya ngokuthi abantu bakubo babonakala benesifiso esingapheli sokubabaza imisebenzi emikhulu yobuciko.
UGómez Colorado, obambe iqhaza ekuphathweni kombukiso onikezelwe oFaro eNational Museum of Anthropology, ukholelwa ukuthi ukuya emibukisweni efana noFaro kanye nePheresiya kusiza abantu baseMexico ukuthi bathathe indawo yabo emhlabeni. Wachaza: “Sekungamakhulu eminyaka abantu baseMexico bebukeka ngaphakathi futhi ngandlela thile bezizwa behlukanisiwe nezwe. Besihlala njalo sinobuciko obuningi namasiko amaningi, kepha konke bekukade kungumMexico. Nanamuhla, ukuziqhenya kwethu yiNational Museum of Anthropology, elandisa indaba, noma izindaba, zomlando wethu. Ngakho-ke, lapho kufika umbukiso wamazwe omhlaba, abantu baseMexico bayawubona. Bathanda ukuzizwa beyingxenye yomhlaba, ukubopha hhayi kuphela ngobuciko baseMexico, kepha nangobuciko namasiko aseYurophu, e-Asia nase-Afrika. Kubanika umuzwa wokuthi bangabomphakathi omkhulukazi nokuthi iMexico isinyakazisile isimo sayo sengqondo ”.
Lapho uhlela umbukiso, iGómez Colorado iyakuqonda ukubaluleka kokuhlela, ukukhuthaza kanye nokumaketha; phela leyo yingxenye yomsebenzi wabo. “Akekho ongaphika ukuthi ukwakheka nokuhlelwa kombukiso kubalulekile, kanjalo nabezindaba nokukhangisa. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi lezi zinto zingashayela noma zonakalise ukuvezwa. Isibonelo, umbukiso kaFrida Kahlo ePalacio de Bellas Artes waklanywa kahle, wafaka isivakashi kuqala ngemidwebo yaso yokuqala kwase kuba nezithombe zikaFrida nabantu besikhathi sakhe, ngaphambi kokwethula imisebenzi yakhe emihle kubabukeli. Lezi zinto azenzeki ngengozi, kepha zihlelwe ngokucophelela ukukhulisa ukujabulela wonke umuntu onikeza isikhathi esizayo. "
Okokuqala emgqeni
Ngakho-ke imvelo noma imfundo? Ingxoxo izoqhubeka, kepha ochwepheshe abaningi bacabanga ukuthi isifiso sabaseMexico sokuncoma imisebenzi emikhulu yobuciko, noma nomsebenzi wobuciko emadolobheni, sivela kumlingiswa waseMexico.
Noma kunjalo, ngemuva kokubona izixuku zemibukiso emikhulu, angizibeki engcupheni: ngizoba ngowokuqala emgqeni.
Umthombo: Scale Magazine No. 221 / December 2007
