Isimemezelo Sokuzimela kwe-United States, samukelwa yiCongress ngoJulayi 4, 1776 Ukupheleliswa kwenkululeko yomakhelwane bethu abasenyakatho, okwaziwa eSivumelwaneni saseVersailles ngoSepthemba 3, 1783 esasifeziwe ngenxa ye usizo oluvela eFrance, okwakulwisane neNgilandi olwalusize iWashington ukuthi iqhubeke.
Isithombe esakhishwa esizweni esisha sasilezwe elalizikhulule ekuziphatheni kwamakhosi ngokuphelele.
Umqondo we-encyclopedic wezibalo eziningana: uVoltaire, owayemelene nobushiqela, uMontesquieu, owakhuluma ngokuhlukaniswa kwamandla; URosseau, ngemibono yakhe maqondana namalungelo nenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye noDiderot noD'Alambert, owakhuphula ukubekwa phambili nokugqama kwesizathu.
I-French Revolution (1789-1799) eyaqeda ilungelo, yachitha amandla asebukhosini, amaphalamende kanye nezinhlangano, futhi yawenza amandla esonto angabi nalutho. Isimemezelo Samalungelo Abantu Nesezakhamizi simenyezelwe yiConstituent Assembly of France.
Ukuhlasela kukaNapoleon kwamasosha aseFrance athatha amadolobha abaluleke kakhulu aseSpain ngo-1808, okwenza uCarlos IV wehla esikhundleni esivuna indodana yakhe, iNkosana yase-Asturias, eyayibizwa ngokuthi uFernando VII. Lesi sakamuva asizange samukelwe uNapoleon futhi bobabili yena noyise baboshwa futhi kwadingeka basishiye isihlalo sobukhosi.
Izindaba zesimo eSpain zafika eMexico City ngoJulayi 14, 1808. Ezinsukwini ezine kamuva, umkhandlu wedolobha laseNew Spain, "omele wonke umbuso waseSpain" wethula lo mbusi ngoJulayi 19, 1808. Isitatimende se-Iturrigaray esinamaphuzu alandelayo: ukuthi ukushiya kwabo emsebenzini akusebenzi ngoba "bahlukaniswe nodlame"; ukuthi ubukhosi babuhlala kuwo wonke umbuso futhi ikakhulukazi emizimbeni eyayiphethe izwi lomphakathi "ngubani owayezoligcina ukuze alibuyisele kumlandeli osemthethweni lapho (iSpain) itholakala ikhululekile emabuthweni angaphandle" nokuthi i-viceroy kufanele ihlale isemandleni okwesikhashana . Abakwa-oidores bakuphikisile ukumelwa okucatshangwa yizibambiso, kepha laba, ngaphandle kokuxhasa okwakushiwo, bahlongoza ukuthi ibhodi leziphathimandla ezinkulu zedolobha lihlangane ukuzohlola lolu daba (iviceroy, oidores, archbishops, canons, prelates, inquisitors, njll.) okwenzeke ngo-Agasti 9.
Ummeli uFrancisco Primo de Verdad y Ramos, umphathiswa woMkhandlu Wedolobha uphakamise isidingo sokwakha uhulumeni wesikhashana waphakamisa nokuthi kunganakwa amabhodi anenhlonipho. Abakwa-oidores babecabanga ngenye indlela, kepha bonke bavumelana ngokuthi i-Iturrigaray iqhubeke nokuhola, njengommeli kaFernando VII, abafunga kuye bonke ngo-Agasti 15.
Ngaleso sikhathi le mibono emibili eyayiphikisana nayo yayivele ingenzeka: abaseSpain babesola ukuthi uMkhandlu Wedolobha ufisa ukuzimela kanti amaCreole ayecabanga ukuthi i-Audiencia ifuna ukugcina ingaphansi kwayo iSpain, ngisho nangaphansi kukaNapoleon.
Ngolunye usuku ekuseni, lo mbhalo olandelayo wavela ezindongeni zenhlokodolobha:
Vulani amehlo enu, bantu baseMexico, futhi nisebenzise ithuba elinjengaleli. Bantu bakithi abathandekayo, inhlanhla ihlele inkululeko ezandleni zenu; uma manje ningalinyakazisi ijoka labantu baseSpanishi abangenakuzisola, nakanjani niyoba njalo.
Inhlangano yenkululeko eyayizonikeza iMexico ikhwalithi yayo njengesizwe esizimele yayiqale.
