Abantu baseHuasteco ezikhathini zasendulo babehlala esifundeni esikhulu esasihlanganisa izindawo ezisenyakatho zeVeracruz kuya enyakatho yeTamaulipas, futhi sisuka eGulf Coast siye ezindaweni ezifudumele zesimo sezulu saseSan Luis Potosí.
Leli dolobha elisogwini lajwayela izindawo ezahlukahlukene zemvelo kepha lagcina ubudlelwano obusondelene, nolimi lwabo kuyiyona ndlela yokuxhumana ehamba phambili; Inkolo yabo yahlela imikhuba nemikhosi eyabahlanganisa, ngenkathi ukukhiqizwa kwe-ceramic kwafuna ukuthi bonke ababumbi bezwe laseHuasteco babambe iqhaza olimini olungokomfanekiso olwalunjengezinto zokuhlobisa etafuleni labo elibanzi; izithombe zakhe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziphinde zakha kabusha izinhlobo zomzimba ezihlelekile, zagcizelela ukuhleleka kokufuna ukwazi okukhombe nalaba bantu.
Yize sazi ukuthi kwakungekho nhlangano yezepolitiki eyahlanganisa isizwe sakudala samaHuasteca, laba bantu bafuna ukuthi emadolobhaneni abo nasemadolobheni ukwakheka kwezindawo zabo zokuhlala, ezinezakhi zokwakha, ikakhulukazi ukuhlelwa nokwakheka kwezakhiwo zabo, kuvuse umhlaba ongokomfanekiso futhi isiko iqembu lonke elalilibona njengelalo; futhi, impela, lokhu kungaba yiyunithi yayo ecacile yamasiko.
Kusukela emashumini eminyaka okuqala ekhulu lamashumi amabili, lapho ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwesayensi kwenziwa endaweni yaseHuastec, abavubukuli bathola iphethini yokwakhiwa nokwakhiwa okwahlukanisa leli qembu kwamanye amasiko achuma eMesoamerica.
Ngama-1930, umvubukuli uWilfrido Du Solier wenza ukumbiwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene eHuasteca yaseHidalgo, ikakhulukazi eVinasco naseHuichapa, eduze kwedolobha laseHuejutla; Lapho wathola ukuthi isici sezakhiwo kwakuwuhlelo lwaso oluyindilinga oluyingqayizivele nesimo salo esiyindilinga; Lo mcwaningi uthole ukuthi, empeleni, imibiko emidala yabahambi abavakashele isifunda ikhombise okutholakele nobufakazi bemisebenzi yasendulo, ngendlela yeziduli ezinezindunduma eziyindilinga izakhamizi zakuleyo ndawo ezazibiza "ngama-cues"; Ngokumangazayo, ngemuva kwamakhulu amaningi eminyaka, izakhiwo zasendulo eHuasteca zagcina leli gama, abanqobi ababelinikeze imibhoshongo yaseMesoamerican, besebenzisa igama elivela kwabomdabu base-Antilles.
ESan Luis Potosí, uDu Solier wahlola indawo yokuvubukula yaseTancanhuitz, lapho athola khona ukuthi isikhungo somkhosi sakhiwe kupulatifomu enkulu engunxande, nokuthi izakhiwo zaziqondaniswe kahle, zakha indawo ebanzi ebheke ngqo, ehlukile kakhulu, elandela umugqa osenyakatho-ntshonalanga-ntshonalanga. Uhlelo lwaphansi lwezakhiwo luyahlukahluka, kubusa ngokwemvelo izisekelo eziyindilinga; ngisho eyodwa yazo inde kunazo zonke. Isazi semivubukulo saphinde sathola amanye amapulatifomu angunxande anezingqimba eziyindilinga nezinye izakhiwo ezinelukuluku elinohlelo oluxubekile, olunocingo oluqondile nomhlane ogobile.
Ngenkathi umhloli wamazwe wethu eseTamposoque, esifundazweni esifanayo, lokho akuthola kwaqinisekisa ukuba khona kwezakhiwo ngezindlela ezahlukene; okuhlukahluka futhi kunikeze umbono okhethekile edolobhaneni ngalinye ukwabiwa kwezakhiwo. Kule ndawo, kuyabonakala ukuthi abakhi bafuna umbono ohambisanayo weziza ezingcwele, okwenzeka lapho imisebenzi yokwakha yakhiwa ngokulingana emapulatifomu.
Ngempela, izakhamizi zaseTamposoque zalinganisa ipulatifomu enkulu eyi-100 ngamamitha ayi-200 ubude, ebheke entshonalanga kuya empumalanga, ngaleyo ndlela ikhombisa ukuthi imikhosi ebaluleke kakhulu nemicikilisho yenziwa lapho kushona ilanga. Ngasemaphethelweni asentshonalanga aleli zinga lokuqala lokwakha, abakhi bakha ipulatifomu ephansi, emise okonxande enamakhona ayindilinga, izitebhisi zayo zokufinyelela zaholela lapho kuphuma khona ilanga; Phambi kwalo, amanye amapulatifomu amabili ayindilinga akha indawo yokulungiselela.
Ngaphezulu kwalesi sigaba sokuqala, abakhi bakha enye ephakeme, enamacala amane, amamitha angama-50 ohlangothini ngalunye; Isitebhisi saso sokufinyeleleka esikhulu sibheke entshonalanga futhi sakhiwe ngezisekelo ezimbili zamaphiramidi ezinecebo eliyisiyingi, ngezitebhisi eziqonde ohlangothini olufanayo; Lezi zakhiwo kumele ngabe zisekela amathempeli angama-cylindrical ngophahla oluyindilinga. Uma ufinyelela engxenyeni engenhla yengxenyekazi ebanzi enamacala amane, uzolithola ngokushesha eline-altare lomkhosi, futhi ngezansi ungabona ubukhona bezinto ezimbalwa ezakhiwe nge-façade eqondile nengxenye egobile emuva, ethula izitebhisi zayo nge isiqondiso esifanayo esibusayo ngasentshonalanga. Kulezi zakhiwo kufanele ngabe kwakukhona amathempeli, kungaba angunxande noma ayisiyingi: i-panorama kufanele ukuthi yayihlaba umxhwele.
Kusukela ekuhlolweni okwenziwa uDkt.Stresser Péan emashumini eminyaka kamuva esizeni saseTantoc, naseSan Luis Potosí, kuyaziwa ukuthi izithombe ezibonisa onkulunkulu zazitholakala enkabeni yezikwele, emapulatifomu phambi kwezinyathelo ze izisekelo ezinkulu, lapho zazikhonzwa khona obala. Ngeshwa, njengoba kwenzekile ngobuningi balezi zibalo eziqoshwe emadwaleni enhlabathi, lezo zeTantoc zisuswe endaweni yazo yasekuqaleni ngababukeli nabaqoqi, ngendlela yokuthi uma bezibuka emakamelweni omnyuziyamu, ubunye obekufanele babe nabo ngaphakathi kuklanywa buphukile. yokwakhiwa okungcwele komhlaba weHuasteco.
Cabanga ukubukeka komunye walezi zindawo okumelwe ukuba wayenakho ngesikhathi semikhosi emikhulu ngenkathi yezimvula ifika, futhi lapho imikhosi evuna ukuzala kwemvelo yathela izithelo zayo.
Abantu bebonke baye esigcawini sedolobha elikhulu; iningi lezakhamizi lalihlala lisakazeke emasimini nasemaphandleni aseduze nemifula noma eduze kolwandle; Ngaleso sikhathi, izindaba zeholide elikhulu zazisatshalaliswa ngomlomo futhi wonke umuntu wayelungiselela ukubamba iqhaza emkhosini owawulindelwe ngabomvu.
Emzaneni yonke into ibiyinto eyenziwayo, abakhi bamatshe babelungise izindonga zezakhiwo ezingcwele besebenzisa i-stucco emhlophe, futhi bahlanganisa izinyembezi nokusula okwakukhiqizwa imimoya nokushisa kwelanga. Iqembu labadwebi lizixakekise ngokuhlobisa udwendwe lwabapristi nezithombe zabonkulunkulu, esitulweni somkhuba esizokhombisa abantu izipho izinombolo ezingcwele ezinikeze bonke abazinikelayo abathobela iminikelo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Abanye besifazane baletha izimbali ezinuka kamnandi ezivela ensimini, neminye imigexo yamagobolondo noma ama-pectorals amahle enziwe ngezingxenye ezisikiwe zeminenke, lapho bekumelwe khona izithombe zonkulunkulu nemicikilisho yokuhlawulela eqoshwe ngaphakathi.
Embhedeni omkhulu, ophakeme kakhulu, amehlo abantu ahehwa ngomsindo weminenke eyayikhishwa yizingqwele ezisencane ngesigqi; ama-braziers, akhanyiswe ubusuku nemini, manje athola i-copal, eyakhipha intuthu enephunga elalimboze umkhathi. Lapho umsindo weminenke uphela, umhlatshelo omkhulu walolo suku wawuzokwenzeka.
Ngenkathi kusalindwe umgubho omkhulu, abantu bazulazula esigcawini, omama bathwala izingane zabo zaphambuka kanti abancane babheka ngokulangazelela konke okwenzeka eduze kwabo. Amaqhawe, nemihlobiso yawo yegobolondo ilenga emakhaleni abo, izindlebe zawo ezinkulu nezindwangu ebusweni nasemzimbeni, adonsela ukunaka kwabafana, ababona kubo abaholi babo, abavikeli bomhlaba wabo, futhi baphupha usuku lapho bezophinde bafeze khona udumo ekulweni nezitha zabo, ikakhulukazi ngokumelene ne-Mexica ezondwayo kanye nabalingani babo, abaye bawa njengezinyoni ezidla inyama ezigodini zaseHuastec befuna iziboshwa ezizobayisa edolobheni elikude laseTenochtitlan .
Ealtare elisenkabeni lesikwele kwakukhona isithombe esiyingqayizivele saphezulu esasiphethe ukuletha umswakama, kanye naso nokuzala kwamasimu; isibalo sale nombolo sasiphethe isitshalo sommbila esincane emhlane wakhe, yingakho lonke idolobha lalilethe izipho neminikelo njengenkokhelo yomusa kankulunkulu.
Wonke umuntu wayazi ukuthi isikhathi sokomisa saphela lapho imimoya evela ogwini, ishukunyiswa isenzo seQuetzalcóatl, yandulela izivunguvungu ngemvula eyigugu; Kungaleso sikhathi lapho indlala yaphela khona, amasimu ommbila akhula futhi nomjikelezo omusha wempilo wakhombisa abantu ukuthi isibopho esiqinile esasikhona phakathi kwabakhileyo emhlabeni nonkulunkulu, abadali babo, akufanele nanini sinqamuke.
