Ngo-8: 00 kusihlwa ngoJanuwari 17, 1967, umlilo omkhulu owabangelwa yisifunda esifushane esikhwameni se-Altar of Forgiveness wacekela phansi eminye yemisebenzi yethu ethandekayo yobuciko bekoloniyali ngaphakathi kweMetropolitan Cathedral:
I-altare elihle elinomdwebo walo omuhle futhi obalulekile weNuestra Señora del Perdón noma u-de las Nieves, ingxenye enkulu yamatafula ekhwaya, umdwebo omkhulu futhi omuhle owawumele i-Apocalypse ka-Saint John, umsebenzi kaJuan Correa, otholakala ngemuva i-altare, kanye nengxenye enhle yemizimba yamapulangwe ephethe imitshingo yezitho ezinkulu, ishiya izingcezu ze-altare, izithombe ezibaziwe nemidwebo yamathempeli amaningi eCathedral kushunqisiwe, ngaphezu kwemidwebo kaRafael Ximeno kanye namaPlanethi ayesezindlini zokulala kanye i-dome.
I-altare elihle lokuThethelelwa, noma i-Indulgence, njengoba uFray Diego de Durán alibiza kanjalo ngo-1570, liyisibonelo esihle kakhulu sesitayela sebhasikidi, esenziwe iSevillian Jerónimo de Balbás, futhi esakha i-Altar elimangalisayo lamaKhosi kanye nomcypress wokuqala owanyamalala . Ibizwa ngokuthi "Intethelelo" ngoba itholakala ngqo emuva komnyango omkhulu weCathedral, nayo ethola leli gama ngoba ngayo abaphendukile abangena ngeHhovisi Elingcwele ukubuyisana neBandla.
Kwakukhona isiqeshana sakuqala sakudala esizeni esifanayo, saqala ukukhonjiswa ngo-Agasti 5, 1550, esizinikezele enkolweni kaSanta Bartholomew. Ekupheleni kuka-1655, ngesikhathi sikaViceroy uFrancisco Fernández de Ia Cueva, uMbusi wase-Albuquerque, uqobosho lwahlukaniswa ukuze kwakhiwe idome elisha leCathhedral, umsebenzi waqedwa ngo-Okthoba 1666. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona ubuzalwane obuzibiza Ubuzalwane beNkosikazi Yethu Yokuxolela, obhekele ukunakekelwa kwe-altare. Minyaka yonke, lobuzalwane, ngo-Agasti 5, usuku lweNkosikazi Yethu Yesiqhwa, babamba umgubho onesizotha wezenkolo lapho kwabekwa khona umongameli omusha nebhodi labaqondisi.
Ngo-1668, lapho kufakwa i-altarpiece futhi, umdwebo we-Our Lady of the Snows wabekwa e-altare, obizwa ngabantu nge-Virgen deI Perdón, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi kuse-altare legama elifanayo. Yapendwa ngokudonswa kwabathembekile ngonyaka ofanayo ngu-fIamenco Simón Pereyns, mhlawumbe ngesicelo esikhethekile sobuzalwane noma njengepenali ebekwe yiHhovisi Elingcwele, ngoba, kuthiwa, ngecala elingenabulungisa elenziwe ngumlingani wakhe umdwebi UFrancisco Morales.
Kuze kube maphakathi naleli khulu leminyaka, ngenxa yezinganekwane eziningi ezalukiwe ezungeze umdwebo - njengaleyo echazwe kahle nguLuis González Obregón, efakwe encwadini yakhe enhle iMéxico Viejo-, kwakukhona ukungabaza okukhulu ngokubhalwa kwalo msebenzi omuhle kangaka, okuthiwa bobabili uPereyns (okuthiwa wayipenda emnyango wesitokisi sakhe, ngenkathi eyisiboshwa ejele leNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki Engcwele), noBaltasar de Echave "El Viejo." Ngokunjalo, izazi-mlando u-Antonio Cortés noFrancisco Fernández del Castillo bakholelwa ukuthi yenziwa nguFrancisco Zúñiga, yize uManuel Toussaint, uFrancisco de la Maza no-Abelardo Carrillo y Gariel bengavumelani nalokhu.
UGonzález Obregón uqinisekisa ukuthi "kunamasiko amaningi amangalisayo, izindaba eziningi ezithandwayo, ukuthi kudingekile ukuhlanza iqiniso emlilweni, ukuze likhanye njengegolide elimsulwa embobeni". NgoJulayi 1965, uJustino Fernández noXavier Moisén, abagxeki abadumile bezobuciko, ukuze basule ukungabaza kwabo, bahlola lo mdwebo, bathola isignesha ezansi kwesinyathelo ethi: "Ximon Perines / Pinxievit". Ngokunjalo, kwavela ukuthi wawungadwetshiwe emnyango kepha useyili owenziwe kahle, wagcina uqinisekisa ubunina balo msebenzi: i-flamenco Simón Pereyns, ngokuqedela inganekwane enhle kangaka.
Ngenkathi uJerónimo de Balbás eqala ukwakhiwa kwe-Altar lamaKhosi elihlaba umxhwele kanye ne-cypress yokuqala neyayinhle kunazo zonke ngo-1718, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi i-Altar elidala lokuThethelelwa lizophazamisa konke, ngakho-ke uBalbás uqobo wathunywa ukuba aklame okwesibili I-Altar deI Perdón, okwakhiwa kwayo kwenziwa phakathi kuka-1725 no-1732, yanikezelwa ngoJuni 19, 1737.
Umzimba wokuqala walesi sithambiso esithandekayo sakhiwa ngamakholomu amane, futhi isisekelo saso senziwe ngamatshe. Umzimba wesibili, omile okwekhothamo, unezingelosi ezimbili ekugcineni kwawo eziphethe amaqabunga esundu. Ingaphambili lonke lihlotshiswe ngezithombe zosanta ezingabefundisi bezwe, hhayi okwejwayelekile kwemiyalo yenkolo. Engxenyeni engenhla bekukhona izingalo zasebukhosini zaseSpain, ezazigqame ngama-varas angaphezu kwangu-8 emoyeni, kepha ngemuva kokupheleliswa kwe-Independence, ngo-1822, babhujiswa ngoba babebhekwa njengezimpawu ezimbi.
Ngokufika kwesitayela se-neoclassical esivela eFrance ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, kuqhutshwa intshiseko yakhe engokwenkolo ngokweqile, uDon Francisco Ontiveros wesonto wayala ukuqhuma okukhulu noma ukukhanya kwegolide nge-monogram ye-Virgin Mary enkabeni ukuthi ibekwe ku-altare, futhi encane emdwebeni we-Our Lady of Forgiveness, eyayinombhalo kazimele kaZiqu-zintathu Ongcwele ku-vertex yawo; Ngenkathi lokhu kuqhuma okuncane kwephula ngokuphelele ukuvumelana kwe-altare, kwathi ngemuva kwalokho kwafakwa umqhele wegolide owabekwa ekhanda lekherubi.
Ngaphambi komlilo, engxenyeni emaphakathi ye-arch emzimbeni wesibili, kwakukhona izithombe ezimbili zosayizi zempilo ezenziwe ngokhuni oluqoshiwe nolusikiwe olwalumele uStephen no-Saint Lawrence oNgcwele; phakathi kwazo kwakukhona umdwebo omuhle weSan Sebastián Mártir, okungenzeka wenziwe nguBaltasar de Echave Orio, yize kuthiwa futhi wawungapendwa uthisha nomukhwe wakhe uFrancisco de Zumaya; yayimbozwe ngengilazi endala futhi enamagagasi okuthi ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo kungavumi ukusazisa kahle isithombe. Ekushintsheni kwale misebenzi emangalisayo, kwaqoshwa imifanekiso ebaziwe emincane emithathu enesiphetho esihle kakhulu ekuqopheni nasezitsheni zayo, ezazigcinwe isikhathi eside ezinqolobaneni zeCathhedral. Izithombe ezisemaphethelweni zimele abangcwele ababili baseKarmeli abangazange bakwazi ukubonakala, futhi umfanekiso ka-Saint John uMvangeli wabekwa phakathi.
Endaweni yokuhlonishwa, eyayiphethwe ngumdwebo ka-Our Lady of Forgiveness noma we-Snows onengane uJesu, ephelezelwa ngu-Saint Joaquin, u-Saint Anne nezingelosi ezine ezincane, kwafakwa omunye umdwebo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, okwathi, uma incane, ayinciphisi ubuhle nekhwalithi. Lo msebenzi wombhali ongaziwa walethwa eminyakeni ethile ngaphambi komlilo naseZinacantepec, State of Mexico, nguCanon Octaviano VaIDés, owayengumongameli we-Archdiocesan Commission of Sacred Art. Imayelana nokumelwa kweSagrada FamiIia ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ngenkathi ibalekela eGibhithe, ebingafezwa nguFrancisco de Zumaya noma uBaltazar de Echave Orio.
Uhlaka lwalo msebenzi, olwakha umdwebo wangaphambilini, lwenziwe ngokhuni olumbozwe ngocwecwe olujiyile lwensimbi eyenziwe ngemidwebo emihle, njengamanje emnyama ngenxa yokuntula upholishi. Njengoba lo mdwebo omusha uncane, isikhala esilahlekile saqedwa ngendwangu ebomvu okwegwebu, kamuva sathathelwa indawo ngohlaka lwangaphakathi lwegolide. Ukubekwa kwalo mdwebo kuhlongozwe ngumdwebi wamapulani, umqophi kanye nombuyisi uMiguel Ángel Soto.
Ngezansi kweSagrada Familia kwafakwa umdwebo omncane ka-oyili kucwecwe lethusi elalimele i-Divine Face, odwetshwe yiDominican Fray Alonso López de Herrera, othathe indawo yomunye umdwebo ofanayo, omkhulu kakhulu, ngumbhali ongaziwa.
Ingxenye engezansi ye-altare, kanye namakholomu amabili awugqinsi ayizungezile, inemigwaqo neminyango emincane enikeza ukufinyelela kwi-sacristy yayo, okuyindawo lapho kwavela khona umlilo ngeshwa. Iminyango yasekuqaleni yayinamavazi amahle aphakanyisiwe, kepha lapho i-altare isiqediwe, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokushoda kwesabelomali, zasuswa ukulandela ukwakheka kwengxenye engezansi ye-altare. Ngemuva komlilo owethusayo, umbono obhubhisayo wawususelwe ngokuphelele ekususeni inkaba emaphakathi, kususwe i-Altar of Forgiveness, ukubuyiselwa endlini yesahluko; Amatafula ekhwaya kanye nezitho ezinkulu zizobekwa ezinhlangothini ze-altare ezongena esikhundleni se-cypress ngumakhi uDe la Hidalga, ukuze akwazi ukwazisa i-Altar enkulu yamaKhosi kusukela emnyango. Ngenhlanhla, lesi siphakamiso asizange senziwe, ngenxa yombono woMnyango Wezikhumbuzo Zamakholoni we-National Institute of Anthropology and History, osayinwe ngumakhi uSergio Zaldívar Guerra. NgoJuni 1967, ezinyangeni ezinhlanu ngemuva komlilo, umsebenzi wokubuyisela wawusuqalile, ngumakhi nomdwebi wemifanekiso uMiguel Ángel Soto Rodríguez nezingane zakhe eziyishumi kweziyishumi nane: uMiguel Ángel, u-Edmundo, uHelios, uLeonardo, u-Alejandro noCuauhtémoc, owenza umsebenzi wokuqopha izinkuni noyise, kanye noMaría de los Ángeles, Rosalía, María Eugenia no-Elvia, ababezinikele esitsheni, bakha futhi baqeda okokugcina i-Altar Lokuthethelelwa. Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa kamuva ngenyanga kaDisemba 1974, umsebenzi waqedwa.
Ekuqaleni kuka-1994, umpristi u-Luis Blvila Blancas, uhla lwezincwadi zamanje kanye ne-sacristan enkulu ye-Cathedral, kanye nomqondisi wegalari yobuciko ethakazelisayo yethempeli laseLa Profesa, wabona ukuthi izithombe ezibunjiweyo zabangcwele baseKarmeli zazibekwe ngaphakathi kwe-arch Maphakathi nendawo, babengeyona ingxenye yoqwembe lwe-altare njengoba kwakungelabefundisi abavamile, ngakho-ke banquma ukubeka endaweni yayo, ohlangothini lwesokunene, isithombe esihle sosayizi wokuphila - mhlawumbe umfanekiso we-canon kanye ne-Saint John Nepomuceno yesonto yezenkolo eyayiyingxenye i-altarpiece yesonto le-Our Lady of Sorrows. Ngakwesobunxele wabeka isithombe sikaSanta John uMvangeli njengensizwa, futhi phakathi nendawo, umdwebo omuhle kawoyela osendlini obekwe phezu kokhuni, omncane kunowangaphambili, omelwe yiSanta Mary Magdalene, owayephila ngesikhathi sikaSanta John uMvangeli, kubhekiswe kuJuan Correa. Ngemuva kokuvuselelwa yiqembu elihle lababuyisi beCathedral, yafakwa endaweni ehlala umdwebo weSan Sebastián owawungekho. ISanta María Magdalena iyingxenye yemisebenzi eminingi yobuciko uMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi wabuyela eMetropolitan Cathedral ngo-1991.
Njengamanje, ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima futhi obizayo wokubuyiselwa eKhathedrali oqondiswe ngumdwebi uSergio Zaldívar Guerra, nokuqinisa isakhiwo, amakholomu azungezwe ngehlathi eliminyene lesikafula esiluhlaza ukuxhasa ngokuqinile imengamo, nesibhakabhaka uthango olubanzi lwentambo empunga ukugcina imfucumfucu ebinganqanyulwa, ebhuqa indawo ezungeze i-altare elihle lokuthethelelwa.
Indlu yesonto iSan Isidro noma iCristo deI Veneno, engakwesokudla kwe-Altar deI Perdón (exhumanisa iCathedral neTabernakele), nayo isendleleni yokubuyiselwa, ngakho-ke lo Kristu, isithombe esihlonishwa kakhulu I-niche esodongeni olusenyakatho lwale ndlu yesonto yafakwa okwesikhashana phambi kwe-altare lokuthethelela, ehlanganisa umdwebo woMndeni Ongcwele. Ngokunjalo, umdwebo omncane futhi omuhle omele uZiqu-zintathu Ongcwele wabekwa ngakwesobunxele se-altare, nguMiguel Cabrera owayesendlini yesonto iSan Isidro.
Umthombo: IMexico ngesikhathi esingu-11 Febhuwari-Mashi 1996
