Emiphakathini emikhulu umculo, njengenkolo, ubulokhu ubekhona ezikhathini zokuvuthwa zokuphila nokufa.
Ngokuphathelene neVirginal yaseGuadalupe, kungenzeka ukulandela isiko lenkolo yakhe eTepeyac, hhayi kuphela ebufakazini obunikezwa yimibhalo yabavangeli baseGuadalupano, kodwa futhi nasekubonakalisweni komfanekiso lapho umculo uboniswa khona. Yize imisindo ekhazimulayo efakwe kumidwebo yendaba ingezwakala okwamanje, ubukhona bazo busikhumbuza ngokubaluleka obekulokhu umculo unakho emicimbini emikhulu yesintu.
Ngokungangabazeki, isiko lokuvela kweNcasakazi uMariya ekunxenxeni kwakhe iGuadalupe, eNew Spain, kwaba umcimbi wobunye kubantu bayo kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lokuthi i-Image Prodigious yaba uphawu lomoya wobuzwe. Ngenxa yalokho, kwasungulwa isithombe esithile, esasizungeze indlela yokumela iNcasakazi, kanye nomlando wokubukeka kwayo, ngoba kwakunesidingo sokwazisa kulo lonke elaseMelika naseYurophu okwenzeka I-Tepeyac. Lezi zimpikiswano zesithombe sisekele imvelaphi yaphezulu neyokuphambuka kokumiswa okuyisimangaliso, njengoba uBaba uFrancisco Florencia ayenzile ngenkathi enikeza isithombe seVirgin yaseGuadalupe ikhwalithi yophawu lukazwelonke, ngesiqubulo esithi: Non fecit taliter omni nationi. (“Akenzanga okufanayo nakwesiphi esinye isizwe.” Kuthathwe kwaguqulwa kumaHubo: 147, 20). Ngalokhu kuhlukaniswa, uFlorencia waveza ukusekelwa okukhethekile kukaMama kaNkulunkulu phezu kwabakhethiweyo bakhe, abathembekile baseMexico.
Kubonwe ngokuqoqwa kweMuseum of the Basilica of Guadalupe, ubukhona bomculo, njengokuhluka kwesithonjana emdwebeni wetimu yeGuadalupano, kubonakala ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ngasikhathi sinye. Kumenyezelwa ngaphambili, ngengoma emnandi yezinyoni ezungeze isibalo seNtombi njengohlaka, kwesinye isikhathi kuhlanganiswe namahlamvu nezimbali ezimele iminikelo ebekwe kuze kube yimanje, eduze kwesithombe. Ngaphakathi kweqembu elifanayo kukhona izinyoni ezihlanganisweni ezilandisa ngezehlakalo zokubonakala kokuqala. Okwesibili, kunezethulo zeGuadalupan ezinezakhi zomculo, kungaba ngamakhwaya wezingelosi noma ama-ensembles wezinsimbi, ezigcawini zesibuko sesibili nesesithathu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umculo uyingxenye yezingoma lapho iNcasakazi ingumvikeli nomlamuleli esivuna abathembekile baseNew Spain. Okokugcina, ubukhona benziwa esithombeni sezintombi zaseGuadalupe ngezikhathi zodumo ezigubha ukwenyuka kwakhe nokugcotshwa.
Ezithombeni ezibhekisa ekubukekeni kokuqala kweNcasakazi kuJuan Diego, izinyoni ezindiza ezigcawini zimele imisindo emnandi yezinyoni ze-coyoltototl noma ze-tzinnizcan okuthi, ngokusho kukaNican Mopoha okuthiwa ngu-Antonio Valeriano, umboni wezwa lapho ebona IGuadalupana.
Umculo uphinde uhlotshaniswe neVirgin yaseGuadalupe lapho izingelosi zicula futhi zidlala izinsimbi zokuhlonipha ukubukeka kwakhe. Ukutholakala kwalezi zidalwa zasezulwini kuyachazwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngubaba uFrancisco Florencia encwadini yakhe, i-Estrella del Norte, njengeqiniso elabonakala njengesihawu kulabo ababenakekela ukukhonzwa kwesithombe ngenxa yokuthi ukubukeka kuzoba kuhle uyihlobise ngezingelosi ukukugcina uzihlanganisa. Ngoba unguMama kaKristu, bayacula futhi phambi kweNcasakazi, bamsize futhi bamvikele. Ngaphakathi kwesithonjana seGuadalupe ekubukeni kweVirgin, izingelosi zomculo zivela emakhwayeni futhi zihlanganisa ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo ezifana ne-lute, i-violin, isiginci nomtshingo.
Indlela yokumela imibukiso emine yasungulwa engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-17 futhi isuselwa emibhalweni yabavangeli baseGuadalupano. Emidwebweni emibili, yomibili evela ngekhulu le-18, ephinda ivele okwesibili, iphethini yokuqanjwa eyamukelile ingabongwa. IVirgin, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibheke ngakuJuan Diego osendaweni enamadwala, kuyilapho iqembu lezingelosi lidlala esigabeni esingenhla. Omunye wemidwebo eshiwo ngenhla, umsebenzi womculi wase-Oaxacan uMiguel Cabrera, uhlanganisa izingelosi ezimbili eziqapha uJuan Diego, kanti ezinye ezimbili zidlala buqamama. Le canvas iyingxenye yochungechunge lwezibuko ezine, futhi ihlanganiswe nohlelo lwezimpawu lwe-altarpiece egumbini laseGuadalupano leMuseum of the Basilica of Guadalupe.
Lapho iNcasakazi ivuna amadoda, ikhulumela izinhlekelele zemvelo, yenza izimangaliso futhi ibavikela, umculo uvame ukuba yingxenye yendaba. Ukulandisa okungokomfanekiso kokungenelela kweGuadalupana kwanikeza abaculi bekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa neshumi nesishiyagalombili inkululeko ethile yokuqamba izigcawu zabo, njengoba lezi kwakuyizindikimba kanye nezinkinga zaseNew Spain. Eqoqweni lemyuziyamu ye-Basilica of Guadalupe kunomdwebo omkhulukazi onesithonjana somculo wesikhathi sawo: Ukudluliswa kwesithombe seGuadalupe kuya endaweni yokuqala nesimangaliso sokuqala, kulandisa ngemicimbi eyaqoqwa embhalweni kaFernando de Alva Ixtlixochitl enesihloko esithi Nican Motecpana.
Abaculi nabahlabeleli esigabeni esimaphakathi, ngakwesokudla, bayizinombolo eziyisithupha; Umculi wokuqala onentshebe onekhanda lembali ufaka iblawuzi yendwangu emhlophe njengengubo kanti kuyona unetilma yombala ofanayo, uphethe i-mecatl noma intambo yembali. Udlala isigubhu esimnyama esinsundu seTlapanhuehuetl noma isigubhu semayena esima mpo. Ukuhamba kwesandla sakhe sobunxele kubonakala ngokusobala. Umculi wesibili yinsizwa enekhanda lezimbali kanye nesifuba esinqunu nge-mecatl yembali; Inesiketi esimhlophe okukuso umugqa wendwangu onomngcele obomvu ngendlela ye-maxtlatl. Emhlane uphethe i-teponaxtle ethintwa ngumlingisi ovela endaweni yesine. Owesithathu ngumculi osemncane ogama lakhe likotilot til kubonwa ngezinga elixhunywe emhlane wakhe. Owesine yilowo odlala i-teponaxtle futhi uyacula, ungowezizwe futhi ugqoke umqhele; Ugqoka ihembe elimhlophe eliboshwe nge-tilma ngaphambili, umgexo wezimbali ulenga esifubeni sakhe. Owesihlanu waleli qembu ubonakala ebusweni balo mculi. Izici zakhe, i-tilma kanye nezimbali zezimbali ziyaziswa esandleni sakhe sobunxele.
Ivesi lokuqala elaziwa ukuthi lenziwa ukuhlonipha iNcasakazi yaseGuadalupe lalibizwa ngokuthi iPregón del Atabal, eyabhalwa ekuqaleni ngesiNahuatl. Kuthiwa, kwahlatshelelwa ngosuku lokudluliswa kwesithombe lisuka esontweni elikhulu lasendulo laya eZumárraga hermitage, ngoDisemba 26, 1531 noma ngo-1533. Kuthiwa umbhali kwakunguFrancisco Plácido Lord wase-Azcapotzalco nokuthi lesi simemezelo sahlabelelwa umsindo I-Teponaxtle ekuhambeni komdwebo oshiwo ngenhla.
Ekuzinikeleni kukaMarian kukhona okunye okwahlukile komculo okuhambisana neVirgin yaseGuadalupe: Ukuqashelwa kweVirgin nokugcotshwa kwakhe njengeNdlovukazi yaseZulwini. Yize ivangeli lingakhulumi ngokufa kweNtombi uMariya, kunenganekwane ezungezile. Inganekwane yegolide kaJacobo de la Voraigne kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nantathu leminyaka, ilandisa leli qiniso njengomsuka we-apocrypha, okuthiwa wenziwa nguSanta John uMvangeli.
Eqoqweni leMuseum of the Basilica of Guadalupe kunomdwebo walesi sihloko esingajwayelekile ngaphakathi kwesithonjana seGuadalupe. Esizwa yizingelosi, uMariya uvukela uNkulunkulu uBaba ezulwini, lapho kunezinye izingelosi ezimbili ezishaya amacilongo, izimpawu zodumo, ukunqoba nenkazimulo. Abaphostoli abayishumi nambili bakhona, ngamaqembu amabili ayisithupha ngapha nangapha ethuneni elingenalutho engxenyeni engezansi yokwakhiwa. Lapha, iNcasakazi akuyona uphawu nje kuphela, kepha ngokomzimba iyisisekelo nobumbano phakathi kwezulu nomhlaba.
Umdwebo omusha waseSpain onetimu yeGuadalupano enezici zomfanekiso wesithombe somculo ubamba iqhaza emaphethini afanayo nokunxuswa kwe-European Marian. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi umculo ukhuluma ngenkazimulo yeNtombi enguMariya njengeNdlovukazi yaseZulwini nanoma imuphi umcimbi empilweni yakhe, wezimfihlakalo ezikhazimulayo nezijabulisayo, uhlale uculwa phakathi kwenjabulo enkulu yezingelosi, amakherubi nezinsimbi zomculo. Endabeni yeVirgin Mary lapho icela iGuadalupe, ngaphezu kwezakhi zomculo ezibonisiwe, isithombe esiveza ukubonakala njengokufanele futhi esiyingqayizivele emazweni aseMelika, okukhombisa umcimbi ongajwayelekile wokugxivizwa kwe-ayate, okumele Kwesinye isikhathi izohambiswa nezinsimbi ezijwayelekile zamasiko aseMesoamerican ezikhumbula ukwakheka kanye nokuziphatha kabi.
Umthombo: IMexico ngesikhathi esingu-17 Mashi-Ephreli 1997
