Uma okuthile kuphawula umlando wePimería Alta, kungukuphakama nokwehla kwemizamo yokwakha nezinhlekelele, okuthe ngandlela thile ukwakheka kwayo ngokwenkolo kungubufakazi.
Iphuzu eliyisisekelo lendaba nguBaba Kino. Ngakho-ke, ifa lamaFranciscan likhulu futhi limibalabala. Okusalayo kumaJesuit akuvamile, futhi lokho kukababa uKino ikakhulukazi, kuyivelakancane. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukungaqondi kahle ku-term mission. Eqinisweni, inhloso kungumsebenzi oqonde enqubisweni yevangeli: iphrojekthi yempucuko. Futhi ngalo mqondo, ifa lika-Eusebio Francisco Kino likhulu kakhulu kunalokho esikuchaza lapha.
Isonto elisedolobhaneni laseTubutama, enyakatho yeSonora, ngokubukeka kwalo okubukeka kahle okwe-baroque, kubukeka kufihlwe ezindongeni zalo umlando oshubile wemishini yePimería Alta.
Ithempeli lokuqala laseTubutama mhlawumbe kwakungumbhoshongo nje olula owakhiwa uBaba u-Eusebio Francisco Kino ngesikhathi ehambele okokuqala ngo-1689. Kamuva kwafika izakhiwo ezithuthukile ezanqotshwa isehlakalo esithile esimangalisayo: ukuhlubuka kwamaPima, ukuhlaselwa ama-Apache, ukusweleka izithunywa zevangeli, ugwadule olungenakulungiseka ... Ekugcineni, isakhiwo samanje senziwa phakathi kuka-1770 no-1783, osekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili.
UJESUU UYASALA
UKino uhlole, phakathi kwezinye izifunda, cishe yonke iPimería Alta: indawo eqhathaniswa ne-Austria neSwitzerland ndawonye, ehlanganisa inyakatho yeSonora naseningizimu ye-Arizona. Kodwa-ke, lokho wasebenza kanzima njengesithunywa sevangeli kwakuyinsimu ecishe ibe yingxenye yobukhulu, cishe imiphetho yayo okuyiTucson, ngasenyakatho; uMfula iMagdalena nemifudlana yawo, eningizimu nasempumalanga; neSonoyta, entshonalanga. Kuleyo nsimu wasungula imishini eyishumi nambili, yini esele kulezo zakhiwo? Ngokusho kwabacwaningi abaningi, izingcezu zezindonga kuphela kulokho okwakuthunywe uNuestra Señora del Pilar noSantiago de Cocóspera.
ICocóspera ayisonto nje elahliwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-150. Itholakala maphakathi - futhi eceleni komgwaqo omkhulu - phakathi kwe-urmuris ne-Cananea, okungukuthi, emngceleni osempumalanga yePimería Alta. Isivakashi sizobona kuphela isakhiwo sethempeli, esivele singenalo uphahla futhi sinemihlobiso embalwa. Into ethokozisayo ngale ndawo, nokho, ukuthi ziyizakhiwo ezimbili kwesinye. Ingxenye yangaphakathi yezindonga, evame ukuba yi-adobe, bathi, iyahambelana nethempeli elanikezelwa yi-Kino ngo-1704. Izinsika kanye nemihlobiso yokwakhiwa kwamatshe ngaphandle, kufaka phakathi ingosi namuhla esekelwa isikafula, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwamaFranciscan okwenziwe phakathi kuka-1784 no-1801.
Emathafeni aseBízani, indawo engama-20 km eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeCaborca, kunezinye izingcezu zalokho okwakuyithempeli lezithunywa iSanta María del Pópulo de Bízani, elakhiwa phakathi nekhulu le-18. Okuthile okukhuthazayo ngumbukiso ose-Oquitoa, indawo yemishini yakudala yeSan Antonio Paduano de Oquitoa. Kuleli dolobha, elingamakhilomitha angama-30 eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Átil, isonto ligcinwe kahle kakhulu futhi lisasebenza. Yize kwaziwa ukuthi "yayenziwe nhle" eminyakeni eyishumi edlule yekhulu le-18, ingabhekwa njengamaJesuit amaningi kunamaFranciscan. Lesi sakhiwo, esakhiwe mhlawumbe cishe ngonyaka we-1730, "siyibhokisi lezicathulo", imodeli ejwayelekile elandelwa amaJesuit ezigabeni zokutholwa kwemishini yasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeMexico: izindonga eziqondile, uphahla oluyisicaba lwemishayo namagatsha ambozwe ngezinto ezahlukahlukene (kusuka umquba ngisho nezitini), futhi yize kubonakala ukuthi amaFranciscans abhala imigqa esangulukile yomnyango kancane, awazange akhe umbhoshongo wensimbi: namuhla abathembekile bayaqhubeka nokubiza ngobuningi bensimbi njengasekuqaleni njengoba inhle kakhulu engaphezulu kwe-facade .
UMFAKAZI WASE-FRANCISCAN
Isibonelo esiphambene nethempeli lika-Oquitoa yisonto laseSan Ignacio (phambilini elaliyiSan Ignacio Cabórica), idolobha eliyi-10 km enyakatho-mpumalanga yeMagdalena. Futhi kuyisakhiwo samaJesuit (mhlawumbe esenziwe ngubaba odumile u-Agustín de Campos engxenyeni yokuqala yesithathu yekhulu le-18) ukuthi kamuva, phakathi kuka-1772 no-1780, yaguqulwa ngamaFranciscans; kepha lapha amaFranciscan aqobele amaJesuit. Isivele inemizamo ezindlini zokusonta eziseceleni, inombhoshongo onamandla oqinile futhi uphahla lwayo lubekwe phezulu; Akusekho, ekugcineni, isonto lama-neophytes, noma lelo le-mission esanda kusungulwa.
Edolobheni lasePitiquito, elingamakhilomitha ayi-13 empumalanga yeCaborca, ithempeli lingumsebenzi waseFranciscan owenziwe phakathi kuka-1776 no-1781. Ngaphakathi kunochungechunge lwamafresco akamuva, anezimpawu nezimpawu zika-Our Lady, abavangeli abane, ezinye izingelosi , USathane noKufa.
Amathempeli aseSan José de Tumacácori, e-Arizona (cishe amakhilomitha angama-40 enyakatho yeNogales), nawaseSanta María Magdalena, eMagdalena de Kino, eSonora, akhiwa ngamaFranciscans futhi aqedwa ngemuva kwenkululeko.
Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ezitholakala ePimería Alta ngamasonto amabili avelele aseFranciscan: iSan Javier del Bac, emaphethelweni eTucson (Arizona) yanamuhla, naseLa Purísima Concepción de Nuestra Señora de Caborca (Sonora). Ukwakhiwa kwabo bobabili kwenziwa yinkosi efanayo, u-Ignacio Gaona, owabenza baba ngamawele. Azihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ngenxa yobukhulu bazo, zibukeka njenganoma yiliphi elinye isonto elivela e-viceroyalty sekwedlule isikhathi yedolobha elisezingeni eliphakathi maphakathi neMexico, kepha uma ucabanga ukuthi zakhiwa emadolobheni amancane amabili onqenqemeni lweNew Spain (iSan Javier phakathi kuka-1781 no-1797, neCaborca phakathi kuka-1803 no-1809), zibukeka zinkulu. ISan Javier incanyana kuneLa Purísima Concepción, futhi inochungechunge lwezingcezu ezinhle ze-altare ze-Churrigueresque ezenziwe ngodaka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isonto iCaborca, lidlula udadewabo ngenxa yokulingana okukhulu kwengaphandle lalo.
UMA UYA KUPIMERÍA ALTA
Iqembu lokuqala lamadolobha anemishini yakudala lisendaweni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe laseSonora. Kusuka eHermosillo thatha umgwaqo omkhulu no. I-15 iye eSanta Ana, i-176 km enyakatho. IPitiquito neCaborca basemgwaqweni omkhulu kahulumeni no. 2, 94 no-107 km entshonalanga, ngokulandelana. Ukusuka e-Altar –21 km empumalanga yePitiquito– thatha umgwaqo ogandayiwe ubheke eSáric, ozothola amadolobha aseOquitoa, ,til naseTubutama.
Iqembu lesibili lamadolobhana lisempumalanga kwelaphambilini. Iphuzu layo lokuqala lokuthakazelisa yiMagdalena de Kino, eyi-17 km ukusuka eSanta Ana emgwaqeni omkhulu ongunombolo. 15. ISan Ignacio ingamakhilomitha ayi-10 enyakatho neMagdalena, emgwaqweni omkhulu wamahhala. Ukufika eCocóspera kufanele uqhubeke uye e-Ímuris bese lapho uthatha umgwaqo omkhulu wesifundazwe cha. 2 okuholela eCaneaa; amanxiwa wemishini cishe angama-40 km ngaphambili, ohlangothini lwesobunxele.
E-Arizona, i-Tumacácori National Monument kanye nedolobha laseSan Javier del Bac kungamakhilomitha angama-47 no-120 enyakatho nomngcele waseNogales. Womabili la maphuzu atholakala ohlangothini olulodwa lomgwaqo omkhulu ongaphakathi. 19 ehlanganisa amaNogales neTucson, futhi anezimpawu ezicacile.
