I-Ixtlahuacán yisifunda lapho ingcebo yomlando, ekhonjiswe ezincwadini zesiko lamaNahuatl, ihlanganiswa nobuhle bemvelo bezindawo zayo ezihlukile.
Yize kunezincazelo eziningi ezinikezwa yigama elithi Ixtlahuacán, lona elaziwa kakhulu yizakhamizi zaleli dolobha "indawo esukela kuyo lapho ibonwa noma ibukwa khona", enamagama athi: ixtli (iso, bheka, iphuzu lokubuka); hua (lapho, noma ingeyakhe) futhi ingakwazi (ukubeka noma isiqalo sesikhathi). Isizathu esisodwa sokwamukelwa okujwayelekile kwale ncazelo kungenxa yokuthi insimu yasendulo yase-Ixtlahuacán - ebanzi kakhulu kunalena yamanje - kwakuyindlela eyimpoqo yezizwe zamaPurépecha ezazama ukuthatha amaflethi kasawoti. Okunye kukhonjwe ukuthi ezinye zezimpi ezinkulu esifundeni zazilwelwa lapha ukuxosha abahlaseli ngesikhathi seSpain.
Ngenxa yale micimbi, kwakungacatshangwa ukuthi kwakuyidolobha lamaqhawe lapho, kusetshenziswa ukuphakama okuphezulu kwamagquma azungeze le ndawo, kwaqashwa futhi kwaxwayiswa ngokuhlaselwa okungenzeka ngamaqembu angaphandle. Ixtlahuacán umasipala esifundazweni saseColima esiseningizimu-mpumalanga yenhlangano, eningizimu yedolobha laseColima nasemngceleni weMichoacán. Kule ndawo, lapho ukunotha kwesiko lamaNahuatl kuhlanganiswa khona namathafa amahle emvelo, kunezindawo eziningana okufanele uzivakashele. Sasisezindaweni ezithakazelisayo ezitholakala eduze kwesihlalo sikamasipala sase-Ixtlahuacán, lapho siqala khona ukuvakasha kwethu.
IGRUTTA DE SAN GABRIEL
Indawo yokuqala esayivakashela kwakungumhume waseSan Gabriel noma weTeoyostoc (umhume ongcwele noma onkulunkulu), osendaweni egqumeni elifanayo. Njengamanje ingeyomasipala waseTecomán kodwa ibilokhu ibhekwa njengengxenye ye-Ixtlahuacán, njengoba phambilini yayiyingxenye yalo masipala. Sishiye umgwaqo ogandayiwe oqala esigcawini i-Ixtlahuacán uye eningizimu, lapho singabona khona izinkambu ze-tamarind eziseduze nedolobha. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engaba ngu-15 siqhubeka nokuchezuka siye kwesokudla lapho kuthambeka khona igquma.
Engxenyeni engenhla, akunakwenzeka ukubuka nokujabulela indawo ebabazekayo: ithafa elincane ngaphambili; ngale, amagquma azungeze i-Ixtlahuacán nakude, izintaba ezinkulu ezizenza ababheki bendawo. Ngemuva kokuhamba ihora sifike emphakathini waseSan Gabriel, sabingelela abanye bomakhelwane nomfana owanikela ukuthi asiphelezele siye egotto elisemamitheni ambalwa ukusuka ezindlini, kepha lokho akubonwa yilabo abangazi ukuthi kukhona lo msebenzi omangalisayo wemvelo.
Ngokuqiniseka ukuthi sizobe sisendleleni efanele, saqala uhambo lwethu. Cishe ngamamitha ayikhulu ngaphambili, lo mhlahlandlela wasihola sidlule ngaphansi kommbila, ngamamitha angama-20 ngaphezulu futhi kwakukhona imbobo enkulu engamamitha ayi-7 ububanzi ezungezwe ngamatshe nesihlahla esikhulu kwelinye lamabhange aso, esimema abanelukuluku lokwazi ukushibilika ngasogwini lwaso izimpande ukwehla cishe nge-15 m ekungeneni komhume. Ohamba naye usibonisile ukuthi “kulula” kanjani ukwehla ngaphandle kosizo ngaphandle kwezinyawo nezandla zakhe, kodwa-ke, sikhetha ukwehla ngosizo lwentambo eqinile. Umnyango wegrotto ukuvuleka okuncane phansi phakathi kwamatshe, lapho kungekho khona indawo yomuntu oyedwa. Lapho, silandela imiyalo yomqondisi, sashelela futhi samangala lapho sibona isikhova esasivele silimele futhi sasiphephele emnyango wegrotto.
Njengoba ukukhanya okwazi ukuhlunga ngaphakathi kungencane, kuyadingeka ukuthwala amalambu ukuze ukwazi ukubona ubuhle bendawo: ikamelo elingaba ngamamitha angama-30 ukujula, ububanzi obungu-15 nokuphakama okucishe kube ngamamitha angama-20. Uphahla lwakhiwa cishe ngokuphelele ngama-stalactites, okuthi kwezinye izimo ahlangane nama-stalagmites abonakala evela emhlabathini futhi lawo ayakhanya lapho ukukhanya kubhekiswe kubo. Okuthile okudabukisayo bekuwukubonga ukuthi ezinye izivakashi zangaphambilini, ngaphandle kokuhlonipha lokho okwenziwe yimvelo izinkulungwane zeminyaka, zikhumule izingcezu ezinkulu zalesi simangaliso semvelo ukuba zisithathe njengezikhumbuzo.
Ngenkathi sibuka ingaphakathi le-grotto futhi sisathokozile ngobuhle bayo, sabona ukuthi, kusukela emgodini wokungena nangaphansi, kwakhiwa izitebhisi zamatshe ezibanzi, okwathi ngokuya ngokuhlola nocwaningo olwenziwe, zakhiwa ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi ngenhloso shintsha lesi sikhala sibe yisikhungo semikhosi. Kukhona ngisho nombono wokuthi amathuna shaft atholakala ezifundeni zaseColima naseMichoacán nakuma-republic ase-Ecuador naseColombia, angaba nobudlelwano nalo mhume noma amanye afana nawo, ngoba izakhiwo zawo ziyefana. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kule ndawo, ngokomlando owawukhona ngo-1957 ngabazingeli, akukho lapho kubhekiswa ekutholeni izingcezu zemivubukulo. Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ngabakhileyo kumasipala ekutholakaleni okuhlukahlukene kwezinsalela zesiko lamaNahuatl kube khona cishe ukuphangwa okuphelele nokuthi akekho ongachaza ukuthi zitholakalaphi izingcezu eziningi zezicucu.
IMPONDO KALAURA
Ngemuva kokuhehwa yizithombe ezinhle ngaphakathi kwesigodi saseSan Gabriel, siqhubeka nohambo lwethu oluya eLas Conchas, idolobha elincane elisendaweni engama-23 km empumalanga ye-Ixtlahuacán. Ikhilomitha ngaphambi kweLas Conchas sama endaweni enkulu eyaziwa njengechibi likaLaura, lapho izihlahla zibonakala zihlangana khona ukunikeza indawo epholile ngaphansi komthunzi wayo eduze neRio Grande. Lapho, osebeni lomfula ohlukanisa izifundazwe zaseColima naseMichoacán, sabona ezinye izingane zibhukuda emanzini awo ngenkathi silalele ukukhononda okucacile komfula okuhambisana nengoma yama-calandrias, imibala yayo, emnyama nephuzi, eyayihamba yonke indawo. Ngaphambi kokuya endaweni elandelayo, lo mhlahlandlela wakhomba izidleke eziningana ezakhiwe yilezi zinyoni. Mayelana nalokhu, wasitshela ukuthi ngokokhokho, uma izidleke eziningi zisezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, ngeke zibe khona izikhukhula zeqhwa eziningi; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma zisezingxenyeni ezingezansi, kuwuphawu lokuthi inkathi yemvula izofika nama-gales aqinile.
Amathuna KATIRO DE CHAMILA
Ukusuka eLas Conchas siqhubeka nomgwaqo oya e-Ixtlahuacán, manje ozungezwe amasimu amakhulu kamango, tamarind nolamula. Endleleni samangala inyamazane encane eyasidlula. Kuyasidabukisa futhi kubuhlungu ukubona ukuthi abanye abantu, esikhundleni sokujabulela nokubonga lokhu kuhlangana, badweba izikhali zabo ngokushesha bese bezama ukuzingela lezi zilwane okunzima ukuzithola.
Cishe ngamakhilomitha ayi-8 ukusuka eLas Conchas sifika eChamila, umphakathi osendaweni engezansi kwegquma legama elifanayo. Sidlula phakathi kwengadi yezithelo zikalamula kanye nensimu yommbila, sifika engxenyeni ephakeme kancane kunayo yonke enye indawo, cishe ngamamitha angama-30 kuya kwangama-30, lapho kwakusungulwe khona amathuna angaphambi kweSpanishi, kusukela manje sebetholakele cishe amathuna angama-25. La mathuna ahambelana nezakhiwo ze-Ortices, ezisukela ngonyaka wama-300 wesikhathi sethu futhi zakha omunye wemithombo esemqoka yolwazi lwesikhathi sangaphambi kweSpanishi sesifundazwe saseColima. Yize amathuna shaft ehluka ngosayizi, ukujula nokuma kwawo, abhekwa njengokujwayelekile esifundeni ngoba ngokuvamile ayakhelwe endaweni ye-tepetate, futhi eneshaft negumbi elilodwa noma ngaphezulu eliseduze lapho kutholakala khona izinsalela zomuntu oshonile. neminikelo yabo. Indawo yokungena ethuneni ngalinye ngumthombo nobubanzi obuphakathi kuka-80 no-120 cm nokujula okuphakathi kwamamitha ama-2 kuye kwayi-3. Amakamelo okungcwaba acishe abe imitha elilodwa no-20 cm ukuphakama, ngamamitha ama-3 ubude, exhumana ngemigodi emincane phakathi kwamanye awo.
Lapho kutholakala amathuna, ukuxhumana kwesibhamu nekhamera kwakuvame ukutholakala kuvinjwe izingcezu zobumba noma zamatshe, njengezimbiza, izitsha kanye nezinsimbi. Abanye abacwaningi baveza ukuthi ithuna lokudutshulwa linophawu olukhulu, njengoba lilandela isizalo nethuna, lalibhekwa njengokuphela komjikelezo wempilo: liqala ngokuzalwa futhi liphela ngokubuyela esibelethweni somhlaba. Lapho umhlaba wamathuna uphela khona yi-petroglyph, itshe elikhulu elinombhalo oqoshiwe kulo. Ngokusobala yimephu ekhombisa ukuthi kwakukhona amathuna asendaweni, eminye imigqa ikhombisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunokuthile okuthakazelisa kakhulu okuqoshwe etsheni: imikhondo yezinyawo ezimbili, eyodwa ebonakala ingeyomuntu omdala waseNdiya neyomntwana. Futhi, ngokuzisola kwethu, lapho sibuza ngezingcezu zemivubukulo ezitholakala kule ndawo, izimpendulo zabahlali neziphathimandla zikamasipala zikhombisile ukuthi amathuna asecishwe ngokuphelele. Mayelana nalokhu, kukhona labo abathi impango lapha etholwe ngabaphangi itholakala kakhulu phesheya.
UKUTHATHA I-CIUDADEL
Endleleni ebuyela e-Ixtlahuacán, cishe amakhilomitha ama-3 ngaphambili, silandela umgwaqo omncane obheke eLa Toma, ichibi elihle ebelisetshenziswa kusukela ngonyaka we-1995 njengepulazi le-aquaculture, lapho kutshalwa khona ukhaphethi omhlophe. Lapho sisuka eLa Toma, sibona buqamama, ngezizathu ze- "Las haciendas", izindunduma eziningana ezimbozwe ngamatshe okuthi, ngenxa yokuhleleka kwazo kule ndawo, kudonse amehlo ethu. Konke kubonakala kukhombisa ukuthi ngaphansi kokugqama komhlaba kunezinto ezakhiwe kusukela esikhathini sangaphambi kweSpanishi, ngoba ukwakheka kwazo kufana nemipiramidi emincane ebonakala ngathi izungeze okungaba yinkundla yokudlala. Ngaphandle kwalezi zakhiwo ezibonakalayo kuneziduli ezine, enkabeni yazo - ngokwalokho abasitshele khona futhi asikwazanga ukuqinisekisa ngenxa yokukhula kotshani - kukhona okubonakala kune-altare lamatshe. Kwasihlaba umxhwele ukuthi emaphiramidi amancane kwakukhona izingcezu eziningi zobumba ezihlakazekile nezithombe eziqhekekile.
Le ndawo yokugcina ohambweni lwethu isiholele ekubonisweni okulandelayo: Lesi sifunda sonke besicebile ngezinsalela zelinye lamasiko okhokho bethu, sibonga okungenzeka sazane kangcono. Kodwa-ke, kukhona labo ababona kulokhu kuphela inzuzo yenzuzo yomuntu siqu. Ngethemba ukuthi akubona bodwa abasebenzisa lo mcebo nokuthi okusele kutakulwa ukuze kuzuze bonke, ukuze ngale ndlela iMexico engaziwa inciphe futhi incane.
UMA UYA E-IXTLAHUACÁN
Ukusuka eColima thatha uHighway 110 ubheke ethekwini laseManzanillo. Ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-30 ulandela uphawu kwesobunxele bese kuthi emuva kwamakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili ufike e-Ixtlahuacán, udlule kancane ngaphambi kwedolobha elincane laseTamala. Ukuqala kusenesikhathi kungenzeka ukuqeda yonke indlela ngosuku olulodwa. Ukuvakashela i-grotto kuyadingeka ukuthi ube nentambo engazweli okungenani engama-25 metres futhi ungakhohlwa ukuletha amalambu. Ngaphambi kokwenza lo mkhankaso, kulula ukuxhumana noMnu José Manuel Mariscal Olivares, umbhali wezindaba zakule ndawo, ehhovisi likamongameli kamasipala wase-Ixtlahuacán, esibonga impela ngokusekela kwakhe ukwenza lo mbiko.
