Iziphikiso ezingokomlando zeTlaxcala zibuyela emuva ngaphambi kokufika kwabaseSpain bokuqala endaweni yethu. Ekuqaleni, idolobha lamanje lahlukaniswa laba ngamamodi amane amakhulu: iTepeticpac, i-Ocotelulco, iQuiahuixtlan neTizatlán, okuthi noma ngabe bezimele bodwa, ngezikhathi zobunzima noma izinsongo endaweni ebumbene zakha ubumbano olufanayo.
INDAWO YESIKHONA SEKHONA NOMA AMATRAILLAS
I-Tlaxcala igama lomsuka weNahuatl okusho indawo yesinkwa sommbila noma ama-tortilla. Itholakala kumakhilomitha ayi-115 ukusuka eMexico City, enesimo sezulu esipholile nezimvula ehlobo. Itholakala ogwini lwamamitha angu-2,225 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
AmaTlaxcalans akha izakhiwo zomphakathi nezomphakathi, ahlala ngokujwayelekile kusuka kwezolimo. Lapho uHernán Cortés efika kule ndawo, cishe ngo-1519, izakhamizi zayo zamjoyina ukuze anqobe izitha zakhe zaphakade: iMexico. Izakhiwo zokuqala zakhiwa endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi yiChalchihuapan Valley; Ngakho-ke, idolobha laseTlaxcala lakhiwa ngegama leTlaxcala de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, ngokwesinyathelo sikaDon Diego Muñoz Camargo ngo-1525, isisekelo esasekelwa umyalo kaPapa CIemente VII.
Ngenxa yokuthi kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa lesitini ne-talavera, okujwayelekile kwalesi sifunda, kwasetshenziswa ekuhlobiseni izakhiwo zaso, futhi isitayela sebaroque savela cishe ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili ngezembozo ezinhle zodaka olumhlophe, idolobha lathola isithombe sasemadolobheni kakhulu, kakhulu kangangoba yaziwa ngokuthi yi-Tlaxcala baroque. Ngokunikwa isisekelo sokhokho bayo, sisengathola izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene kusuka ngekhulu le-16, 17, 18 nele-19 zisesimweni esihle kakhulu. Kuthiwa idolobha laqala ukwakhiwa lisuka ePlaza de Armas, igama kamuva lashintshwa laba yilokho okwaziwa namuhla, iPlaza de laConstitución.
Isikwele sinqunyelwe enyakatho yiNdlu kaHulumeni, eyakhiwa ngo-1545. Lesi sakhiwo sekhulu le-16 sigcina kuphela ingxenye engezansi kocingo kanye namakhothamo angaphakathi, njengoba silungiswe kaningi kukho konke. Ngaphakathi singabona umdwebo omuhle kakhulu ositshela umlando weTlaxcala kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi kuya ekhulwini le-19. Lo msebenzi waqala ngo-1957, ngumculi odumile waseTlaxcala uDesiderio Hernández Xochitiotzin.
Lapho nje sijabule ngombukwane omuhle omelelwa udonga, singaya ePherish yaseSan José, eyakhiwe phakathi kwekhulu le-17 nele-18. I-façade yayo enkulu ihlotshiswe ngodaka lwendabuko lweTlaxcala Baroque, embozwe ngezitini nangamathayili we-talavera. Isithombe sikaSanta Joseph sigqamile maphakathi nengxenye yesembozo saso.
Ngasemaphethelweni entshonalanga yePlaza de la Constitución kukhona iRoyal Chapel yakudala yamaNdiya, itshe lawo lokuqala elabekwa ngo-1528 nguFriar Andrés de Córdoba, elakhokhelwa ngamanor asekuqaleni amane. Ngo-1984 bayibuyisela futhi kusukela lapho kuqhubeka, ihlala kuMandla Wobulungiswa Bombuso. KuJurezrez Street, empumalanga yePlaza de la Constitución nasengxenyeni emaphakathi yesango laseHidalgo - elakhiwe ngomzamo kaDon Diego Ramírez-, iNdlu yeHholo LeDolobha itholakala, eyaqala ngekhulu le-16. Kusukela ngo-1985, uhulumeni wezwe wanquma ukuyithola futhi ayisebenzisele izinhloso zayo zamanje.
Ekugcineni, uhlangothi oluseningizimu lwesikwele luvaliwe yizakhiwo eziningana, phakathi kwazo okugqame kakhulu iCasa de Piedra, isakhiwo sekhulu le-16, esingaphambili laso sakhiwe ngenkwali empunga evela edolobheni elingumakhelwane iXaltocan futhi elinenye yayo amahhotela amahle kakhulu edolobheni. E-Avenida Juárez, phambi kwePlaza Xicohtencatl, kuneMuseum of Memory yanamuhla. Kufakwe endlini endala kusukela ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule, inikeza umbukwane ongenakulinganiswa nesivakashi.
UKUDLULA NGESIKHUNGO
Ukubuyela emuva kancane, ngemuva kweParroquia de San José, iPlaza Juárez isendaweni ebikade iyimakethe yedolobha nokuthi namuhla yakha indawo ebanzi evulekile ngesithombe sethusi sikaDon Benito Juárez nomthombo ngomfanekiso wenkwali odla inyoka. Phambi kwawo, ku-Allende Street, kukhona Isigodlo Somthetho, esakhiwa nje ngonyaka we-1992 kanye nesihlalo sePhalamende Lezamandla. Isigodlo esasiyisishayamthetho sangaphambili sisezitaladini zikaLardizábal naseJurez. I-façade yekhoneni yenziwa ngohlobo lwenkwali empunga egcwele esifundeni saseXaltocan. Ngaphakathi, izitebhisi zayo ezijikayo ezimbozwe nge-dome ekhumbula indawo yobuciko idonsela ukunaka.
Izinyathelo ezimbalwa kusuka kulesi sakhiwo, sithola iXicohtencatl Theatre, esinye sezikhala zokuqala ezinikelwe kwezobuciko namasiko kule nhlangano. Yavulwa ngo-1873, kepha i-façade yayo yasekuqaleni yaguqulwa ngo-1923 nango-1945 ngokufaka isigaxa senkwali ngesitayela se-neoclassical esimakiwe.
Ku-Ave ofanayo. UJuárez sifika esigodlweni seSiko, esabuyela emuva ngonyaka we-1939 futhi ekuqaleni kwaso kwakune-Institute of Higher Studies yaseTlaxcala futhi okwaqala ngo-1991 ukubuyiselwa ukuba yindlunkulu yeTlaxcalteca Institute of Culture. Izingaphambili zalo zimbozwe isitini petatillo, ngesitayela esimakwe ngaphakathi kwesitayela se-neoclassical sekwephuzile.
Ukuhambela kwethu okulandelayo kusiyisa esigodlweni sangaphambili seFranciscan se-Our Lady of the Assumption, esibhekwa njengomunye wemisebenzi yokuqala yezinkolo eMelika. Isakhiwo saseFranciscan saqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1537 futhi sakhiwe ngama-atrium amabili. Elinye litholakala esitezi esingenhla futhi lihlukaniswe ngamakhothamo amathathu amakhulu axhumanisa nombhoshongo wensimbi. Kulesi sivelele “iposa chapel” elihlotshiswe ngemifanekiso yaseSan Francisco de Asís naseSanto Domingo de Guzmán.
Ithempeli lalesi sigodlo njengamanje lisebenza njengesonto lombhishobhi lendawo kanye ne-façade yalo ayinzima kangako, kepha ingaphakathi lalo ligcina inqwaba yezimanga, eziqala ngophahla lwokhuni oluhehayo lwesitayela seMudejar, olungenye yezindawo ezigcinwe kahle ezinhlobo zalo. Ngasohlangothini lwaseningizimu-mpumalanga, ngemuva kokukhuphuka izitebhisi zamatshe eziwumqansa, sifika eChapel of the Good Neighbor, isakhiwo esinzima sekhulu le-17, manje esigadwe ngabantu futhi esivulekele ukukhonzwa ngezinsuku ezimbili kuphela: ngoLwesine oNgcwele futhi owokuqala kaJulayi. Uma sehla kule ndlu encane yesonto sazi iBullring eyingqayizivele "kaJorge El Ranchero Aguilar".
Ngemuva kokuhamba isikhathi eside, siyama ukujabulela isidlo esijwayelekile sendawo, njengenkukhu yaseXaltocan, ama-escamoles athile, izikelemu ezimbalwa noma isobho elimnandi leTlaxcala. Lapho isifiso sethu sesanelisekile, sabhekisa amabombo eLiving Museum of Popular Arts and Traditions of Tlaxcala, e-Ave. Emilio Sánchez Piedras no. 1, yayikuphi iNdlu kaHulumeni kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule.
Ukuqeda ukuvakasha kwethu edolobheni laseTlaxcala siya eBasilica naseSanctuary ye-Our Lady yase-Ocotlán, indawo enhle yezenkolo eyikhilomitha elilodwa empumalanga yedolobha. Inganekwane ithi leli thempeli lakhiwa endaweni lapho ngo-1541 iNcasakazi uMariya yabonakala khona endodeni egama layo linguJuan Diego Bernardino. Uqwembe lwayo olukhulu lusesitayeleni seBaroque futhi luhlotshiswe ngamagobolondo, amagoda ezimbali zezimbali namahalananda, kanye namabhasikidi anezinhlelo zezitshalo ezibeka imifanekiso ebaziwe engama-17, izingelosi eziyi-18 nemidwebo ehlukene engama-33. Isithombe seVirgin yase-Ocotlán siqoshwe ngokhuni oluhle okukodwa, sine-polychrome futhi siyisitshulu esihle. Umkhosi wawo ophambili ugujwa ngoMsombuluko wokuqala nowesithathu enyangeni kaMeyi, lapho kufika khona izigidi zabahambi abavela kulo lonke leli lizwe. Ngakho-ke, leli dolobha elihle kakhulu likhombisa isethi yezinketho zolwazi, ngezimanga ezahlukahlukene zezivakashi eziningi.
UMA UYA ETLAXCALA
Ukusuka eMexico City, thatha umgwaqo omkhulu no. I-150 Mexico-Puebla. Uma ufika eSan Martín Texmelucan toll booth, kukhona ukuchezuka kumgwaqo omkhulu. 117, esizosiyisa edolobheni laseTlaxcala, eli-115 km ukusuka enhlokodolobha. Ukusuka ePuebla, thatha umgwaqo omkhulu wesifundazwe no. 119 ukuthi ngemuva kokudlula eZacatelco kusiholela eTlaxcala, noma emgwaqweni omkhulu cha. 121 odlula eSanta Ana Chaiutempan ukufinyelela eSanta Ana-Tlaxcala Boulevard. Lesi sigaba singeqi ku-32 km.
