Impilo yamasiko edolobheni lase-Oaxaca, eyayifinyelele ezingeni eliphakeme kangaka ngesikhathi sekoloniyali, yehliswa -kwezinga elithile- phakathi neminyaka yomzabalazo wenkululeko. Kepha kungekudala, kusasenenhlokomo yezinhlamvu, kwaba nomzamo omuhle wokudala izikhungo zamasiko, ngokuhambisana nezikhathi ezintsha.
Ngo-1826 i-State Institute of Sciences and Arts yasungulwa, futhi lesi sikhungo esifanelekayo semfundo salandelwa abanye njengeScientific and Commercial College. Ngesikhathi sikahulumeni wakhe, uJuárez wanikeza umfutho omkhulu esikhungweni sikahulumeni kulo lonke izwe; Izikole ezijwayelekile zemfundo zakhiwa emadolobheni amakhulu. UDon Benito futhi ukweleta ukucebisa kwamaqoqo eMnyuziyamu Wombuso; yize isisekelo esisemthethweni salokhu senzeka ngo-1882, engumbusi uDon Porfirio Díaz. Imizamo kaJuarista yaqhubeka yilowo owangena esikhundleni sakhe u-Ignacio Mejía, umsunguli weBar Association kanye nomgqugquzeli weCivil Code. Ngo-1861, ngosuku olwandulela ukungenelela, i-Central Normal yadalwa.
Kodwa-ke, amabhizinisi amakhulu kakhulu amasiko athuthukiswe emthunzini wePorfiriato; isibonelo, umfundisi u-Enrique C. Rebsamen wahlela kabusha iSikole Esijwayelekile Sothisha; Kwakhiwa umgwaqo owawunegama lomashiqela kanti idolobha lalinikezwe izimakethe eziningana; ngasikhathi sinye, kwaqala ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezintsha zeJele Lombuso kanye ne-Institute of Sciences and Arts. Kumele futhi kuthiwe kwakungaleso sikhathi lapho iMonte de Piedad yasungulwa khona (Mashi 2, 1882) kwasungulwa iMeteorological Observatory (Februwari 5, 1883).
Okunye ukwenziwa ngcono kwezinto enhlokodolobha yezwe kwenziwa eminyakeni yokuqala yekhulu lethu. Egqumeni lase-El Fortín, ngesikhathi sekhulu leminyaka lokuzalwa kukaJuárez, kwamiswa isithombe sakhe esihle kakhulu; I-Music Band nayo yasungulwa, umsebenzi wayo unomphela obuyintokozo yokuzwa ngabantu bendawo nabantu ongabazi.
Kunoma ikuphi, naphezu kwamashwa amaningi, impilo edolobheni lase-Oaxaca nasemadolobheni ezifunda ezahlukahlukene yadlula ngokuthula okuthile. Ukunqoba kwamasosha kwesinye isikhathi kwakufanele amadili amakhulu; Omunye wabo ubikwa kulo mdwebo omuhle ongaziwa obizwa ngeBanquet to General León (1844), ogcinwe eNational Museum of History. Eminye imicimbi yezepolitiki iphinde yashintsha ukuzola kwesifundazwe kwale ndawo, njengokungena kukaDon Benito Juárez ngoJanuwari 1856; Esimweni lapho kuvulwe imengamo eyikhulu yokunqoba, kwakukhona iTe Deum enesizotha - kwakungakabi bikho ukwahlukana phakathi kweSonto noMbuso - kanye nenqwaba yezikhali eMkhandlwini wePlaza.
Izikwele, amasonto, izindawo zokuhamba nezimakethe - ikakhulukazi le ese-Oaxaca- ibone amakhulu abantu bomdabu bezulazula, befika ezindaweni zabo, bezophumula, bathandaze futhi bathengise amaqoqo amancanyana. Izikwele, ezaziphambi nangakolunye uhlangothi lweCathhedral, ngesikhathi zazipendwa nguJosé María Velasco (1887) namanje zazingazigqokile izigqoko zazo ezinkulu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukufundisa ngobuciko - ikakhulukazi ukudweba nokudweba - akuzange kushiywe ngokuphelele; yize imiphumela eyakhiqizile ingekho ezingeni lokwenziwa kwezinye izingxenye zaseMexico. Abaculi abaningana base-Oaxacan baziwa: uLuis Venancio, uFrancisco López noGregorio Lazo, ngaphezu kwabesifazane abathile, isibonelo uJoseph Carreño noPonciana Aguilar de Andrade; Bonke benze umkhiqizo wezithombe, maphakathi nendawo kwamasiko nabathandwayo, ngokusho kokunambitheka kwezakhamuzi zakubo.
Isici sasemadolobheni samadolobha namadolobha asizange sishintshe ingxenye enkulu phakathi nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu le-19; umshini wokunyathelisa weNew Spain century wawungafuni ukusulwa. Okuchazwa, phakathi kwezinye izizathu, ngokuguqulwa okuncane okuhlupheke yizinhlaka zomphakathi nezomnotho. Izindlu zangaphakathi kuphela zamathempeli ezenze ukuguqulwa kwe-neoclassical: ama-altare, ukuhlobisa izithombe ngaphandle kwamandla okuzwakalisa kanye "nokwedelelwa" okwenziwe ngezikhathi ezithile, bayabona ukuthi, kulesi sifunda esikhulu sezwe, nabo bafuna ukuba semfashinini. Kusuka ekukhishweni kweMithetho Yezinguquko lapho izakhiwo zenkolo, ikakhulukazi edolobheni lase-Oaxaca, zangenelelwa khona: isigodlo saseSanta Catalina (manje esisehhotela) sasimiselwe ukuba yindlunkulu yeCity Hall, ijele nezikole ezimbili nazo zafakwa. ; isibhedlela iSan Juan de Dios saguqulwa senziwa imakethe kanti isibhedlela iBetlemitas sasihlala iCivil Hospital.
Okunye futhi okubaluleke kakhulu isakhiwo esihlala esigodlweni sikaHulumeni, esakhiwa phakathi nekhulu le-19 leminyaka - ngokuya kwephrojekthi yomakhi wezakhiwo uFrancisco de Heredia-, ngenxa yobunzima bezomnotho bemihla ngemihla oMbuso obutholwe yibo. .
Maphakathi nenkathi yamaPorfirian, kwahlelwa igumbi lokwamukela izivakashi lalesi sakhiwo; isakhiwo esakhiwa kabusha, engxenyeni engaphambili, kusukela ngo-1936 kuya ku-1940, ngesikhathi sikahulumeni waseConstantino Chapital.
