Ngo-1997, kwagujwa iminyaka engama-300 yokusungulwa kwemishini yeSan Cristóbal de Nombre de Dios nguFata waseFranciscan u-Alonso Briones, ogwini loMfula iSacramento, esigodini lapho inhloko-dolobha yaseChihuahua ikhona khona manje. Le nhloso kwakuyisandulela sedolobha futhi namuhla iNombre de Dios ingelinye lamakholoni ayo.
Yize yasungulwa ngokusemthethweni e-1697, ibuyela emuva okungenani iminyaka engu-20. Ngaphambi kwalesi sivumelwano sokuqala saseYurophu, kwakusukela kudala umphakathi wamaNdiya aseConcho owawubiza le ndawo ngokuthi iNabacoloaba, okulahlekile incazelo yayo. Futhi lezi kwakuyizaba zokulungiswa kwezisekelo zokuqala zaseSpain esiGodini saseChihuahua.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, izakhamuzi ezihlala njalo esifundeni sedolobha lamanje laseChihuahua namaphethelo kwakungabafuyi abambalwa kanye nezithunywa zevangeli zaseSpain, ngaphezu kwabantu bomdabu ababehlala bebuthene emiphakathini eyahlukahlukene ehlakazekile ngakwimishini yeNombre de Dios. .
Ngo-1702, umfana wezinkomo wendawo, efuna ezinye izilo endaweni engamakhilomitha angama-40 ukusuka kule ndawo, wathola ezinye izimayini phambi kwesiteshi samanje saseTerrazas, endaweni ebizwa nge-El Cobre, wabe eseqhubeka nokufaka isikhalazo sakhe kumphathi-dolobha waseNombre kaNkulunkulu, ngaleso sikhathi uBlas Cano de los Ríos. Eminye imithombo ikhombisa ukuthi zitholwe nguBartolomé Gómez waseSpain, ohlala eCusihuiriachi.
UKUZALWA KWENDODANA
Lokhu kutholwa kukhuthaze omakhelwane abaningana ukuthi bahlole indawo ezungezile; ngakho, ngo-1704, uJuan de Dios Martín Barba nendodana yakhe uCristóbal Luján bathola imayini yokuqala yesiliva kulokho manje okuyiSanta Eulalia.
UJuan de Dios Barba wayengumNdiya oguqukile ovela eNew Mexico. Ngaleso sikhathi wayehlala futhi esebenza emishini yeNombre de Dios kanti abanye uTarahumara bamkhombisa ukuphuma kwesiliva emagqumeni aseduze. Lapho kutholakala lokho, ubaba nendodana basola lo mthambo, bawuqamba ngokuthi iSan Francisco de Paula. NgoJanuwari 1705, uCristóbal Luján ngokwakhe wathola enye imayini esifundeni, wayiqamba igama lokuthi yiNuestra Señora del Rosario. Bobabili uLuján noBarba basebenze kuzo zombili izinkambu kuze kube yilapho eyokuqala, befuna amanzi, bethola umthambo obangele ukuqhutshwa kwegolide endaweni.
Ngo-1707, engxenyeni ebizwa ngeLa Barranca, uLuján noBarba bavula imayini iNuestra Señora de la Soledad, ebizwa ngeLa Discovery, kwathi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa abavukuzi abaningi bathuthela esifundeni; Izimangalo zezimayini zifakwe eduze ngangokunokwenzeka emgodini ocebile waseLa Barranca.
Ngemuva kokutholakala, ukutholakala kwalokho okuthiwa yi-Our Lady of Sorrows nguGeneral José de Zubiate kuyaziwa. Wayithola endaweni etholakala kumakhilomitha ama-5 ukusuka eSanta Eulalia yamanje, abantu bomdabu abayibiza ngokuthi iXicuahua nabaseSpain bonakalise i- "Chihuahua" noma i- "Chiguagua". Yigama lemvelaphi yesiNahuatl elisho ukuthi "indawo eyomile nenesihlabathi". Ngoba imvelaphi ayisiyo concho, ezinye izazi zicabanga ukuthi leli gama lahlala lapho lapho izizwe zamaNahua zenza uhambo lwazo lokuya eningizimu. Lapho abantu abambalwa bathuthuka ngemuva nje kwalokho okwaziwa ngokuthi "Chihuahua el Viejo", okumanje kunamanxiwa ezindlu ezimbalwa.
Njengoba amanzi ayedingeka ukuzuzisa amaminerali ayengatholakali eduze kwezimayini, izikhungo ezimbili zabantu zakhula: esisodwa eLa Barranca, endaweni yezimayini, kanti esinye eJunta de los Ríos, eduze nenhloso yeNombre de UNkulunkulu. Kamuva, izindawo zokuhlomula zafakwa, ngoba zazidinga amanzi amaningi.
Ngasikhathi sinye idolobha lomdabu laseSan Francisco de Chihuahua lasungulwa, osebeni olungakwesokudla loMfula iChuvíscar futhi cishe ngamakhilomitha ayisithupha noma ayisi-7 eningizimu yeNombre de Dios. Ngenxa yalokhu, isazi-mlando uVíctor Mendoza uphakamisa ukuthi igama elithi "chiguagua" noma "chihuahua" lisuselwa kuConcho.
Ngenxa yenani elikhulayo lezakhamizi, ngo-1708 umbusi waseNueva Vizcaya, uDon José Fernández de Córdoba, wakha ihhovisi lemeya leReal de Minas de Santa Eulalia de Chihuahua, lashintshwa ngemuva nje kwalokho laba yiSanta Eulalia de Mérida. Le yindlela azalwa ngayo indodana ebaluleke kakhulu yenhlangano yeNombre de Dios. Inhloko yokuqala yalesi sigungu kwakunguGeneral Juan Fernández de Retana. Kuyamangaza ukuthi kwasekuqaleni abaseSpain balisebenzisa kanjani igama elithi Chihuahua ukubhabhadisa uSanta Eulalia; mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi izimayini iZubiate ezitholakale eXicauhua zazithembisa kakhulu, okungenani ekuqaleni. Iqiniso ngukuthi kusukela lapho omakhelwane bathande igama elithi Chihuahua futhi belingasoze liyeke ukuvela emlandweni walezi zifunda.
KUZALWA INGANE YOKUQALA KAKHULU
Inkinga yokuqala uDon Juan Fernández de Retana abhekane nayo esikhundleni sakhe esisha njengemeya kuReal de Minas de Santa Eulalia de Chihuahua esanda kudalwa, kwakuzotholwa inhloko yezokuphatha. Ngemuva kokuhlola sonke isifunda, wakhetha indawo eseduze neJunta de los Ríos, engekude neNombre de Dios. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba indawo entsha iqale ukusebenza, uFernández de Retana ushone ngoFebhuwari 1708, futhi ukuqokwa kwamiswa.
Maphakathi nonyaka uDon Antonio de Deza y Ulloa wangena esikhundleni njengombusi waseNueva Vizcaya. Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, ngokwesicelo sabahlali baseSanta Eulalia, wavakashela isifunda ngenhloso yokunquma ukuthi uzoyimisa kuphi inhloko, wafinyelela esivumelwaneni, ngokuvota, ukuthi kuzoba sesifundeni saseJunta de los Ríos, okungukuthi, endaweni wethonya likaNombre de Dios. Kodwa-ke, igama lika "Chihuahua" alilahlekanga, ngoba ngo-1718, lapho umphakathi uphakanyiselwa esigabeni sedolobha yi-viceroy Marqués del Balero, laguqulwa laba "iSan Felipe el Real de Chihuahua". wake wahlonipha iNkosi yaseSpain, uFelipe V. Lapho izwe lethu selizimele, leli dolobha lanikezwa isikhundla sedolobha ngo-1823, negama likaChihuahua; ngonyaka olandelayo yaba inhlokodolobha yombuso.
IZWI "CHIHUAHUA"
Njengoba kushiwo ku Isichazamazwi Somlando seChihuahua, igama langaphambi kweSpanishi elithi chihuahua alizange linikezwe iphuzu elithile, kodwa esifundeni sezintaba namathafa aqothulwe yizintaba manje ezibizwa ngokuthi iNombre de Dios, iGómez neSanta Eulalia. Kunemibono eminingi ngemvelaphi yegama elithi "chihuahua". Lapha sesivele sishilo ezimbili; leyo yomsuka wayo ongaba yiNahuatl noma iConcho, kepha kukhona nemvelaphi engaba khona yeTarahumara ngisho nama-Apache.
UMSUNGULI WECHIHUAHUA
Ngenkathi uMbusi u-Deza y Ulloa eqoka isifunda sendawo yaseJunta de los Ríos njengenhloko yezokuphatha yeHhovisi leMeya laseReal de Minas de Santa Eulalia, kwase kunabantu abaningi njengaleyo yezimbiwa uqobo futhi ngokusobala ehlakazekile azungeze iJunta de los Ríos, kepha ikakhulukazi eSan Francisco de Chihuahua. Ngakho-ke, uDeza y Ulloa umane wayiphakamisa esigabeni ngokuyiqamba njengenhloko, evumela lesi sikhungo ngegunya laso.
Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kucatshangelwa kube yisisekelo sesazi-mlando uVíctor Mendoza ukuphakamisa uGeneral Retana njengomsunguli weqiniso weChihuahua, ngoba nguyena owakhetha idolobha laseJunta de los Ríos ekuqaleni. Futhi nakwisazi-mlando u-Alejandro Irigoyen Páez ukuthi asikisele okufanayo maqondana nobaba u-Alonso Briones, ngoba nguyena, ngenkathi esungula imishini kaNombre de Dios, owabeka izisekelo futhi wakhuthaza ukukhula kwasekuqaleni komgogodla wokuqala wasemadolobheni.
Kodwa-ke, mhlawumbe ukukhohlwa okudabukisa kakhulu, njengoba kusho isazi-mlando uZacarías Márquez, lokho kwamaNdiya uJuan de Dios Barba noCristóbal Luján, njengoba bengabatholi bamaminerali abangela ukuba khona kukaSanta Eulalia noChihuahua , ngisho nomgwaqo awubakhumbuli. Mayelana nabo umphathi-dolobha waseChihuahua, uDon Antonio Gutiérrez de Noriega, uyasitshela ngo-1753: “Le mayini (ebhekisela kuleyo kaNuestra Señora de la Soledad, eyatholwa nguBarba noLuján) yaba ngeyokuqala lapho lo msindo uzwakala khona ngezwi lawo lesiliva. lodumo, ukunanela kokuchichima kwalo kufinyelela yonke imikhawulo yomhlaba; Ukuze abatholayo babe ngabantu ababili abampofu, khona-ke ukwehluka kwabantu beza bevela ezindaweni zonke ukuthola insimbi yokuthi umhlaba wawulahlekile, ngamanani amaningi ukuthi kwakhiwa izindawo ezimbili, njengoba zazinjalo, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, kwathi eminyakeni embalwa kwaba eyodwa ephakeme kangangokuba manje ibizwa ngokuthi idolobha laseSan Felipe el Real ”.
