Izikhulumi zolimi lwesiHuasteca zakha, kusukela ezikhathini zakudala, isiko elibalulekile lamasiko elalibahlukanisa nabanye abantu ababehlala eMexico yangaphambi kweSpanishi.
Bakhethe njengendawo yabo yokuhlala ingxenye esenyakatho yesifunda esikhulu esibizwa ngeGulf Coast. Lokhu kungahlukaniswa ngokuphelele uma sithatha imingcele, eningizimu, umfula iCazones — iVeracruz— kuthi enyakatho, umfula iSoto la Marina — iTamaulipas—; empumalanga inqamula iGulf of Mexico kuthi entshonalanga ibe nezingxenye ezibalulekile zezifunda zamanje zaseSan Luis Potosí, Querétaro naseHidalgo.
Uma sithatha uhambo lwalelo kona laseMexico sizothola izindawo ezine ezinkulu zemvelo: ugu, ithafa elisogwini, amathafa nezintaba, ngakunye kunezimpawu zazo zezimila nesimo sezulu. Yize kunomehluko ngokwendawo, siyabonga ukuthi amaHuastecos azivumelanise ngokuphelele nendawo ngayinye, ethola imvelo yonke imithombo yokuziphilisa. Ezifundeni ezine bashiye ubufakazi, okufakazelwa ikakhulukazi izindunduma zokwenziwa eziningi ogama lazo esifundeni lelo yilelo elithi "imikhombandlela".
Ngokusho kwezazi zolimi, isiqu esibizwa ngokuthi yiProtomaya sezilimi ngabe sakhiwa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezedlule, lapho kuzovela khona zonke izilimi zaseMayan kanye nesiHuastec. Lesi sihloko sikhuthaze izingxoxo eziningi nezindlela zokucabanga. Abanye bacabanga ukuthi labo abaqala ukuhlala endaweni abahlala kuyo njengamaHuasteco, kwalandelwa amaMeya kamuva, nokuthi ibhuloho phakathi kwalaba babili labhujiswa emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka kamuva yimigqa yolimi namasiko amaNahuas futhi, ikakhulukazi , amaTotonac, nawo ahlala ogwini lwaseVeracruz.
Njengabo bonke abanye abantu baseMesoamerican, amaHuastec athuthukisa isiko labo ngokuya ngomnotho oxubekile obusisekelo bawo kwakuwukulima okunamandla okususelwa kummbila neminye imifino, njengobhontshisi nesikwashi. Kwakungenxa yeSierra de Tamaulipas lapho umvubukuli uRichard Mac Neish athola khona emihumeni ethile ubufakazi bokuziphendukela kwemvelo nokutshalwa kommbila, okukhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka kwakusendaweni yaseHuasteca lapho amaNdiya asendulo ayenommbila okokuqala ngqa njengoba sazi namuhla.
Kusukela ezifundweni zemivubukulo siyazi ukuthi abalimi bokuqala, okungenzeka ukuthi bangabokuzalwa kuka-Otomí, bahlala osebeni loMfula iPánuco ngesiko lesiko elisukela cishe ngonyaka ka-2500 BC. Ukuqala, mhlawumbe, kusukela ngo-1500 BC, kwafika abakwaHuasteco, abakha amakamelo alula odaka ne-bajereque. Benza nezitsha eziningi zobumba oluqhume, ezahlanganiswa ngamasiko e-ceramic; labo abahambisana nalesi sikhathi sokuqala bathola isihloko sesigaba sePavón. Leli qembu liqoqa iziqukathi zokugeza ezibomvu noma ezimhlophe ezinomhlobiso osikiwe futhi omumo wazo uhambelana nezimbiza ezinemizimba eyindilinga noma nezimbiza ezinemizimba efana nokubumba noma izingxenye ezikhumbula ngokushesha ukwakheka kwamagundane.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zimbiza ezakha i-tableware ebizwa ngokuthi "inqubekela phambili yensimbi", siphinde sibe ne-tableware "emhlophe yenqubekelaphambili", lapho ubujamo obubaluleke kakhulu kungamapuleti aphansi futhi umhlobiso wawo uqukethe isibhakela ngokuya ngemibuthano eyenziwe, ngokusobala, kusetshenziswa umhlanga.
Ngesikhathi senkambiso yobumba eyakhayo, izingcweti zeHuastec zakha imifanekiso eminingi eyingxenye yesiko elikhulu laseMesoamerican kepha behlukaniswa ngamehlo abo angavuleki ngokungacabangi, amakhanda anamabunzi acwebezelayo abonisa ukwehla okwenziwe. kusukela ezikhathini zakudala futhi, ezimweni eziningi, izingalo nemilenze mincane noma kusikiselwe kuyo yonke.
KuRomán Piña Chán, isiko leqiniso le-Huasteca laqala kahle cishe ngo-200 BC. Ngaleso sikhathi izikhulumi zalolu limi zase zivele sezigcwele ingxenye yamaTamaulipas, iSan Luis Potosí, iQuerétaro neVeracruz, futhi yize bengakaze bakhe inhlangano enkulu yezepolitiki, ulimi lwabo namasiko abo kwabanika ukubumbana okubaluleke kakhulu ababhekana nakho okokuqala amaNahuas kwalandela amaSpanishi futhi lapho kwathathwa khona abasinda ngokohlanga banamuhla.
Abavubukuli basikisela ukuthi isiko le-Huasteca langaphambi kweSpanishi lihlukaniswe ngezikhathi eziyisithupha noma ngezigaba ezingatholakala ngokuhlukahluka okwehliswa yizinto zobumba ezisetshenziswe ngabantu abathi. Imikhawulo yamasiko ehambelana nalokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo yilena: i-Upper Preclassic kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-300 AD, iClassic, eyabhalwa kusukela ku-300 kuya ku-900 AD, ne-Postclassic, efaka phakathi kuka-900 kuya ku-1521. Isifunda sasePánuco, lezi zigaba zibizwa ngegama lomfula.
Ngesikhathi se-Preclassic formative noma sekwedlule isikhathi (100 kuya ku-300 AD) kulapho kwaqala khona ukuthuthukiswa kwesiko laseHuasteca, kususelwa emasikweni okuqala obumba, futhi kungaleso sikhathi lapho ababumbi benaba khona ngezinto zobumba ze "Black Prisco", ezibandakanya amapuleti i-silhouette eyinhlanganisela, izitsha ezilula ezinama-grooves, kanye namapuleti angama-tripod nemikhumbi ehlotshiswe ngenqubo ebizwa ngomdwebo we-fresco. Siphinde sibe ne- “Pánuco gris” ceramic, enamajamo ahambisana nezimbiza ezinamabhodlela okubumba namabhodwe ahlotshiswe ngenqubo yokuphrinta yendwangu; eduze kwalokhu kunezipuni ezithile ezimhlophe ze-pasta ezinesici esibalulekile esenziwe ngezibambo ezinde noma izibambo.
