Yena Idolobha Lomlingo I-Poblano de Cuetzalan ayinikezeli ngomlingo wesiko laseMexico langaphambi kweSpanishi. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uzokuvumela ukuthi wazi idolobha ngaphandle kokuphuthelwa noma yini oyithandayo.
1. Ikuphi iCuetzalan futhi injani?
UCuetzalan uyinhloko kamasipala wasePuebla waseCuetzalan del Progreso, enyakatho-mpumalanga yezwe lase UPuebla. Ufinyelele ezingeni le- Idolobha Lomlingo IMexico ngonyaka we-2002, sibonga ukuqina kanye nokubaluleka kwe-anthropological namasiko empilo yayo yendabuko kanye nobuhle bokwakhiwa kwayo. Yidolobha elinemigwaqo etshekile, enezindlu ezinezindonga ezibanzi nezindonga eziwugqinsi ezidwetshiwe ezimhlophe nokubomvu, okuyinikeza umoya wokuthula nobumnandi.
2. Ngisithola siphi isimo sezulu lapho?
ICuetzalan inesimo sezulu esishisayo esisezingeni eliphansi njengabantu abahlala ezihlahleni zaseSierra Norte de Puebla. Indawo iyanetha futhi amahlathi asezintabeni eziseduze anenkungu, ngakho-ke inkungu yehlela njalo edolobheni futhi amafu acishe athinte phansi. Kufanele ugcine le micimbi yesimo sezulu engqondweni ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuqapha ezidingekayo. Izinga lokushisa liphakeme ngaphezudlwana kuka-22 ° C ezinyangeni ezishisayo.
3. Ngifika kanjani eCuetzalan ngomgwaqo?
Ibanga eliphakathi kweMexico City neCuetzalan lingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-300 ohlangothini oluseningizimu-mpumalanga, olungambozwa cishe emahoreni amane nekota ngokuthatha umgwaqo omkhulu oya ePuebla de Zaragoza. Lapho ufika ePuebla, indlela ongayithatha yi-Apizaco - Zacapoaxtla - Cuetzalan. Ukusuka ePuebla de Zaragoza, uhambo oluya eMagic Town lungama-175 km enyakatho-mpumalanga. Amabhasi asuka ezikhumulweni ezinkulu zomhlaba eMexico City nasePuebla ngokuya ngqo eCuetzalan.
4. Kusho ukuthini ukuthi "uCuetzalan"?
IQuetzal iyisilwane esiyisisekelo ezinganekwaneni zomdabu zaseMesoamerican kanti izimpaphe ezinhle zale nyoni zafunwa amaNdiya ukuzinikela konkulunkulu nokuzisebenzisa ezingutsheni nasemicimbini ebalulekile. Kukholelwa ukuthi igama lokuqala le- «Cuetzalan» kwakungu- «Quetzalan», okusho ukuthi «indawo yobuningi bama- quetzal». Incazelo eyamukelwa kakhulu ye- «Cuetzalan» yi- «bunch of feathers red with tips blue on two teeth»
5. Kwakuyini ukuvela kwedolobha ngaphambi kweSpanishi neSpanishi?
Kukholakala ukuthi ngasekupheleni kwenkathi yangaphambi kobuKristu, iCuetzalan yayiyingxenye yeTotonacapan, isifunda sangaphambi kweSpanishi esakhiwa eduze ne-El Tajín, eduze kwedolobha lamanje laseVeracruz iPapantla de Olarte, nenhloko-dolobha yombuso waseTotonaca. Le nguqulo isekelwa ubufakazi bemivubukulo obutholakala kumasipala waseCuetzalan del Progreso. Ngesikhathi sokunqoba, iCuetzalan yashunyayelwa ivangeli ngabaseFranciscan futhi kwakuyisikhungo esibalulekile kwezomnotho nakwezentengiselwano, esibizwa ngeSan Francisco Cuetzalan.
6. Ukubeka kuphi okuhehayo kwakho ePueblo Mágico?
Izinhlobonhlobo namandla okuphila komdabu edolobheni kuyisici sayo esiyinhloko sentshisekelo. Njalo ngeSonto kugujwa elinye lama-tianguis acebe kakhulu ngamasiko kulo lonke elaseMexico, abaphenduka uhlobo lwephathi yangaphambi kweColombia, ngemidanso, imibukiso nokuthengiswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto. Ngokunjalo, umuthi kanye ne-gastronomy yomdabu wendabuko inamasampula amahle kakhulu, njenge-yolixpa ne-tlayoyos, zonke lezi zimfanelo kanye nobuhle bedolobha.
7. Yini ongangitshela yona nge-tianguis yakho yangeSonto?
I-tianguis yangeSonto yaseCuetzalan isiko elivela engutsheni. Abesilisa bagqoka ezimhlophe, kanti abesifazane bagqoke imibala egqibe amakhulu eminyaka ifana nemiphakathi kanye namadolobha aye emakethe yasemgwaqeni, kufaka phakathi abamhlophe, abamnyama nabaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ye-tianguis ifaka imifekethiso ejwayelekile yezintaba, ama-huarache, izimbali, ikhofi neminye imikhiqizo yemifino, kanye nokudla neziphuzo zendabuko. Uma uncoma ubuciko ngenkathi uphuza i-yolixpa futhi kungazelelwe imibukiso yamapheshana iqala, uzizwa sengathi wenzile ezinsukwini ezandulela uCortés.
8. Yini i-yolixpa futhi isetshenziselwani?
I-Yolixpa isiphuzo sokuqala esivela eSierra de Puebla okungenye yezindlela ezinkulu kakhulu zokudla nokudla kwamasiko edolobheni laseCuetzalan. Yenziwe ngenani elikhulu lamakhambi, okungenani ama-23, futhi yaqala njengekhambi elenziwe ngabelaphi bomdabu yabe isiphuzo sokulwa nokubanda kwezintaba. Ukuhunyushwa kwe- «yolixpa» yi- «umuthi wenhliziyo», kusuka kumagama esiNahuatl «yolo», okusho ukuthi «inhliziyo» kanye ne- «ixpactic», okusho ukuthi «umuthi»
9. I-yolixpa ilungiswa kanjani?
Yize izindlela zokupheka zigcinwa ngandlela thile, kuyaziwa ukuthi kusetshenziswa amakhambi aphakathi kuka-23 no-30 atholakala ezintabeni, phakathi kwalezi zihlakaniphi, iminti, ibasil, iminti, i-oregano ne-thyme. Amakhambi asala ekuphumuleni emanzini ahlanganiswe nogologo, okusiza utshwala ukugcina uketshezi. Iresiphi yangempela, yezinhloso zokwelapha, ibingaqukethe okokunandisa futhi ibibaba kakhulu. Njengoba ukumaketha kwezentengiselwano kungenza noma yini, noma emadolobheni angaphambi kweColumbian, manje sekunezinhlobo ezinomusa.
10. Ngingayizama kuphi i-yolixpa eCuetzalan?
Ama-yolixpas aseCuetzalan adume kakhulu esifundeni sasePuebla nezindawo ezisizungezile. Zilungiselelwe ngezinguqulo ezi-4 eziyisisekelo: ezemvelo ngokuphelele, ezinoshukela, ezinongwe ngezithelo nezinhlamvu, kepha ngaphandle kokunethisa; futhi lezo zinambitheka futhi zinoshukela. Okuyi-100% yemvelo inombala oluhlaza ohlinzekwa ngamakhambi. Okunambitheka okusetshenziswa kakhulu yizithelo zothando, iwolintshi, ukhukhunathi nekhofi. Ubumnandi ngokuvamile uju noshukela onsundu. Kunoma iyiphi indawo yokudlela, ibha noma itafula laseCuetzalan ungaphuza i-yolixpa futhi uthathe amabhodlela ayatholakala.
11. Ngabe idolobha ligqame ngokwakha?
ICuetzalan yidolobha elinemigwaqo eyehlelayo nezindlu ezinama-eves amakhulu apendwe ngokumhlophe nangokubomvu okuyinikeza isithombe esihle ngokwakhiwa. Ngaphandle kwendawo ejwayelekile yedolobhana, kunezakhiwo ezithile ezakha ubucwebe bokwakha, phakathi kwazo okukhona iSigodlo sikaMasipala, iSonto LaseSan Francisco, iSahluko se-Immaculate Conception neSanctuary yaseGuadalupe.
Uma ufuna izinto eziyi-12 ozenzayo eCuetzalan Chofoza lapha.
12. Yini ehehwa yiParroquia de San Francisco?
Isakhiwo sokuqala sethempeli laseSan Francisco de Asís sakhiwa phakathi nekhulu le-17, ngokuguqulwa okuningana okwalandela, okwakungokugcina ngawo-1940. kusukela ngekhulu le-19 futhi iphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamasonto esifundazweni sasePuebla. Maphakathi ne-atrium kunesigxobo sokwenza umdanso weVoladores. Ezinhlangothini ze-altare elikhulu kufakwe i- "Canticle of Brother Sun"
13. Ngabe iChapel of the Immaculate Conception iyathakazelisa?
Lesi sonto sasiyalwe ukuba sakhiwe ngumndeni wasendaweni ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, saphothulwa ngonyaka we-1913. Sinezinto ezithile ezibhekiswe eningizimu nasenyakatho, ngokungahambisani negunya lokwakha lamaKhatholika lokuthi amasonto kumele abheke phambili ENtshonalanga. Kungenzeka ukuthi abakhi babengazinikele kakhulu, kodwa bashiya umsebenzi omuhle owaziwa ngokuthi isonto laseLa Conchita. Ngaphakathi kunomdwebo wenkolo ngumdwebi wendawo uJoaquín Galicia Castro.
14. Yini ongangitshela yona ngeThempeli laseGuadalupe?
Leli bandla eline-neo-Gothic façade laqedwa ngesikhathi sokuqoshwa ngamazinga esikhathi, ngoba lakhiwa eminyakeni emi-5 kuphela, phakathi kukaDisemba 1889 noJanuwari 1895. Liphambene namathuna aseCuetzalan futhi lakhulelwa ngomfanekiso weSanctuary ye IVirgin yaseLourdes, yaseLouvre, eFrance. Ingxenye yayo egqame kakhulu umbhoshongo omude futhi omncane ohlobiswe ngemigqa yamabhodwe obumba, yingakho ubizwa ngokuthi "iSonto LamaJarritos"
15. Yini intshisekelo yesiGodlo sikaMasipala?
Ukwakhiwa kwalesi sakhiwo esihle se-rustic neoclassical architecture kwaqedwa ngo-1941, ngokusho komfanekiso oyingxenye yesonto laseRoma laseSan Juan de Letrán. Maphakathi ne-portico yayo kukhona ijazi lezingalo likazwelonke kanti phezulu kuhlotshiswe ngesithombe sikaCuauhtemoc, umsebenzi womculi wendawo u-Isauro Bazán.
16. Uyini umlando ngeNdlu yakho Yesiko yamanje?
Isakhiwo esikhulu nesibabazekayo seNdlu Yamasiko yaseCuetzalan saqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "yiNdlu Yomshini" noma "Umshini Omkhulu" ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, lapho sakhiwa njengesikhungo esiyinhloko somkhakha wekhofi endaweni. Indlu yebhizinisi enamawindi amaGothic ibinamagumbi okuhlukanisa nokugcina okusanhlamvu, amahhovisi, izindawo zokudiliva kanye nomshini omkhulu owaqamba igama lawo. Njengamanje ikomkhulu leCalmahuistic Ethnographic Museum, kanye neLabhulali kanye ne-Archive kaMasipala.
17. Yini engiyibonayo eMnyuziyamu we-Ethnographic?
ICalmahuistic Ethnographic Museum iyisampula esimweni se-anthropological saseCuetzalan ngokususelwa ezingcezwini zemivubukulo ekhishwe kusayithi leYohualichan, izinto ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke selokhu kwasungulwa idolobha, izithombe nemibhalo. Izinsalela, izinsimbi namathuluzi empucuko yaseTotonac, imvunulo yesiko, izinsimbi zomculo, i-looms, imisebenzi yezandla nezinye izingcezu kukhonjisiwe. Iqoqo leli liqukethwe emakamelweni ayi-7 eNdlu Yesiko yaseCuetzalan futhi kunolwazi lokuthi imininingwane ikwiSpanishi nesiNahuatl.
18. Yikuphi ukuheha okwenziwa yimikhosi yaseCuetzalan?
Izinsuku zokuqala zika-Okthoba zigcwele injabulo, isasasa nokuziqhenya eCuetzalan kusukela ngomhlaka 4 idili labaphathi ligujwa ukuhlonipha iSan Francisco de Asís naphakathi nesonto iCofi Fair yenzeka. Omunye umcimbi othakazelisa kakhulu yiNational Fair yaseHuipil, umkhosi wabomdabu owenzeka futhi ngesonto lokuqala lika-Okthoba. Lo mcimbi ukhetha indlovukazi yomdabu kanti abazobhapathizwa kumele kube ngabantu abasha bomdabu abakhuluma isiNahuatl, begqoke imvunulo ejwayelekile yaseCuetzalteco. Imikhosi yaseCuetzalan icebile ngemidanso yangaphambi kweSpanishi, phakathi kwayo iDance of the Quetzales neVoladores.
19. Yini into ethakazelisa kakhulu nge-gastronomy yakho?
I-cuetzalteca cuisine isuselwa kuzithako ezintsha ezikhiqizwa emagqumeni ezintaba, isivuno sazo esithandwa umswakama omkhulu wendawo. I-gastronomy ikhombisa izitsha zomdabu kanti ezinye zihlanganiswe nobuciko bokupheka baseSpain nezinye izifunda zaseMexico. Eminye yemikhiqizo ebalulekile yokudla kwasendaweni amakhowe, amakhambi anephunga elimnandi, izithelo, ikakhulukazi izithelo zothando (i-passionflower, izithelo zothando); Nekhofi. Vele, isiphuzo senkanyezi yi-yolixpa futhi kuma-dessert amaswidi alungiselelwe ngezithelo zothando ne-macadamia avelele. Okunye ukudla okumnandi kwasendaweni iTayoyos.
20. Ngizwile ngamaTayoyo aseCuetzalan, anjani?
I-Tayoyos, ebizwa nangokuthi i-tlayoyos, i-tlacoyos nangamanye amagama, iyisidlakudla esithandwa kakhulu eMexico ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zezwe. Ngendlela eyiyo eyisisekelo, iyi-tortilla ejiyile ewugqinsi, egcwele isitshulu sikabhontshisi noma okunye okusanhlamvu, okuhlobiswe ngososi wopelepele, i-nopales nezinye izithako. Ama-cuetzaltecos tayoyos enziwa ngenhlama esuselwa kophizi oluhlaza okuphekiwe ne-avocado namaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani; othosiwe ngebhotela lesilwane futhi oyoliswe ngoshizi nososi obabayo.
21. Ngingathola umsebenzi wezandla oyiqiniso?
IMatachiuj Handicraft Market, esenkabeni yeCuetzalan kuMiguel Alvarado Street, amabhulokhi ambalwa ukusuka esigcawini esikhulu sedolobha, inikela ngezingubo zendwangu ezenziwe ngezindwangu zendabuko zangemuva. Ungathola futhi izinto zobhasikidi nokuqoshwa kwezinkuni, okwenziwe imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi yomndeni edolobheni. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezingcezu zendwangu kukhona ama-huipiles, ojosaka nama-rebozo.
22. Waqala kanjani umsakazo wendabuko?
ICuetzalan ingelinye lamadolobha aseMexico aphambili ekwakhiweni kwemisakazo yomdabu ekhuthazwa yiSystem of Indigenous Broadcasters of the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples. Endabeni kaCuetzalan neSierra Norte de Puebla, ukukhishwa kubhekiswe emaqenjini amaNahua namaTotonac. Umculo yiwona okhomba laba bantu, ikakhulukazi iHuapango, iTapaxuwan neXochipitsauak, kanye nomculo wokudansa, imisindo engcwele nokunye ukubonakaliswa komculo okuyisiko.
23. Yiziphi ezinye izindawo otusa ukuthi uzivakashele eCuetzalan del Progreso?
Imizuzu engu-5 ukusuka eCuetzalan yidolobha laseSan Miguel Tzinacapan, elinesonto elihle futhi eliyigugu elicebile lemidanso yesiko. Umculo wemitshingo yomdabu, izigubhu zomdabu kanye nezinsimbi, kuhlangene nalowo wezinsimbi ezivela eSpain, njengama-violin nama-guitar, usebenza njengesizinda semidanso nombukiso we-Voladores. Futhi imizuzu emihlanu ukusuka eCuetzalan yiSan Andrés Tzicuilan, enamachibi aqabulayo nezimpophoma eziningi, njengeLas Brisas, iLas Hamacas, iLa Atapatahua, i-Atltepetl ne-El Salto.
24. Yini engiyibonayo endaweni yokuvubukula yaseYohualichan?
Amakhilomitha ayi-7 empumalanga yeCuetzalan yile ndawo yokuvubukula, umsebenzi kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi yasendulo, cishe kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesibili AD. Indawo yokuhlala yaseYohualichan yakhiwa u-Otomi namaTotonacs abafika bevela e-El Tajín. Ubukhazikhazi besiza buvele eminyakeni yama-600s kanti ukuncipha kwayo kwaqala ngawo-900s ngokufika kwamaToltec.
25. Ingabe kufanelekile ukuya eCuichat?
Elinye idolobha elithandekayo eliseduze neCuetzalan yiCuichat, enamachibi alungele ukubhukuda. Eduzane kunezinhlelo ezithile zomgede, phakathi kwazo esingabala khona umhume wase-Amocuali noma umhume kaDeveli, indawo lapho, ngokwenganekwane, umoya wesivakashi uhlala ubhajwe uma engasho amagama athi "asihambe »
26. Yini ongangitshela yona ngokuheha omasipala abangomakhelwane?
ICuetzalan del Progreso inemingcele yomunye omasipala abayi-7 basePuebla: iJonotla, Tlatlauquitepec, i-Ayotoxco de Guerrero, iZoquiapan, i-Tenampulco, iZacapoaxtla neNauzontla. IJonotla itholakala kumakhilomitha angama-24 ukusuka eCuatzalan futhi inethempeli lekhulu le-16, izindawo zemvelo eMfuleni i-Apulco, izimpophoma nasemigedeni. ITlatlauquitepec itholakala kumakhilomitha angama-65 ukusuka eCuetzalan futhi inezakhiwo ezihehayo, njengeSanctuary yeNkosi yaseHuaxtla kanye neSonto kanye nendawo eyayihlala eSanta María, kanye nezimpophoma eziningi.
27. Ungincoma ukuthi ngibone ini komunye umasipala?
IZacapoaxtla itholakala kumakhilomitha angama-35 ukusuka eCuetzalan futhi idolobha eligcina isitayela esihle sezakhiwo zesifundazwe. Phakathi kwezakhiwo zayo eziheha kakhulu kukhona i-zócalo, isigodlo sikaMasipala kanye nekhiyoski yaso nethempeli leNkosi yeNahuixesta. I "Xolapalcali" Site Historical Museum isebenza eSigodlweni sikaMasipala. Ezinye izinto ezikhangayo eZacapoaxtla yimigodi yayo kanye nemihosha enganconywa ngokubuka okuhlukahlukene nakwezinye izimpophoma, okugqamisa iLa Gloria, engamamitha angama-35 ukuphakama.
28. Ngingahlala kuphi?
Njengoba ifakiwe ohlelweni lwaseMexico Magic Towns, iCuetzalan ibilokhu idala indawo ekhangayo yehhotela nezinsizakalo. Lezi izikhungo ezincane, ngokuhambisana nezimpawu zedolobha kanye nemvelo. Phakathi kwamahhotela anikela ngemali enhle yiHotel La Casa de Piedra, indawo enhle yokuhlala eyodwa evela esigcawini esikhulu. ITaselotzin elinye ihhotela elithokomele, elinengadi encane yezitshalo. IReserva Azul, eMphakathini wase-El Cuitchat, yakhiwe ngamakamelo amahle wokhuni.
29. Yiziphi ezinye izindlela ongazincoma?
IHotel Villas Cuetzalan, eseKm 5.5 yomgwaqo omkhulu waseCuetzalan - Zacapoaxtla, inemibono emangalisayo futhi bazibhakela isinkwa. IPosada La Plazuela, eHidalgo N ° 3, isebenza esithabathabeni somdabu esinamagumbi athokomele. I-El Encuentro yihhotela eliseduze enkabeni yedolobha, elinamakamelo alula namanani entengo aphakathi nendawo. Ezinye izinketho zokuhlala eCuetzalan yi-Aldea San Francisco de Asís, Mesón Yohualichan, Chiuanime neCabañas Quinta Real Cuetzalan.
30. Ungadla kuphi eCuetzalan?
ILa Milagrosita yindawo yokudlela encane, ekahle ukunambitha izitsha ezithile zohlobo lweCuetzaltecan cuisine. IPeña Los Jarritos yindlu ehlotshiswe kahle futhi inezingoma ezibukhoma ECafé Aroma bangongoti kwezokusanhlamvu futhi balungisa isiphuzo ngendlela oyithandayo. Indawo yokudlela i-Yoloxochitl inconyelwa amakhowe ayo. ICafé Restaurant Museo La Época De Oro isebenza endlini enhle, ikhombisa isampula lama-antique futhi yaziwa ngeTayoyos yayo.
Siyaxolisa ngokuqeda lolu hambo lwaseCuetzalan. Siyethemba ukuthi imininingwane izoba wusizo ohambweni lwakho oluya eMagic Town nokuthi sizohlangana futhi maduze.
