I- isilinganiso sonyaka yiziphepho ezingama-80 ezishisayo, ngemimoya esezingeni eliphansi eqinile engaphezu kuka 60 km / h, cishe a Ama-66% abo afinyelela ngamandla amakhulu kunamakhilomitha ayi-120 ngehora.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlelo zokujikeleza ezenzeka emkhathini, iziphepho ezishisayo zine- ukufudumala okuphakathi lokho kuthuthukiswa engxenyeni emaphakathi, kuyilungu elidingekayo lokwakhiwa nokunakekelwa kwalo.
Iziphuphutheki zilusizo olubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola lezi ziphepho nokulandela umkhondo wazo. Ezimweni eziningi, banikeze izilinganiso ezinhle zokuqina kwesiphepho. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amanethiwekhi okubuka amazwe omhlaba nawo enwetshiwe avela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene ngolwazi oluvela emikhunjini, izindiza zokubona, iziteshi zeziqhingi, umsindo womkhathi nama-radar.
Ngenxa yalolu lwazi, kungenzeka ukuthola isithombe esihambisanayo sobuningi bobudlelwano obuyisisekelo bomzimba obuchaza ukuthi kungani kwakhiwa iziphepho ezishisayo, izici zazo ezihlukile zokwakheka kuzinguquko zazo esakhiweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamamodeli ashukumisayo nezibalo okubikezela ukusebenza kwawo esikhathini esizayo esikhathini esifushane.
Izivunguvungu zakhiwa olwandle ikakhulu uma kunamanzi afudumele anezinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kolwandle 26 ° C futhi iphethini evumayo yemimoya evunguza enyakatho naseningizimu (imimoya yokuhweba) iyahlangana eduze ne-Equator ngezikhathi ezithile idala izikhungo ezinengcindezi ephansi. Umoya wasendaweni ezungezile ugelezela ebangeni eliphansi bese unyusa ukukhuphuka komoya oshisayo nonomswakama okhipha umhwamuko wamanzi.
Ukushisa okucashile okutholwe ukuqina komphunga wamanzi kuyindlela eyinhloko yamandla. Lapho ukunyuka okuphezulu komoya sekuqalile kuzophelezelwa ukungena emazingeni aphansi nangokuphuma okuhambisanayo emazingeni aphezulu. Ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla oMhlaba, umoya uyahlangana, ujikeleze, bese uqala ukuhamba ngendlela eyindilinga.
Ukuvela kwesiphepho esishisayo kwehlukaniswe izigaba ezine:
Amafomu okudangala eTropical. Umoya uqala ukukhuphuka ebusweni ngesivinini esiphezulu (isilinganiso seminithi) esingama-62 km / h noma ngaphansi, amafu aqala ukuhlela futhi, ingcindezi yehlela kumayunithi angama-1 000 (ama-hectopascals).
Ukucindezeleka kwaseTropical kuyakhula. Ithola isimo sesiphepho esishisayo, ngoba umoya uqhubeka nokukhuphuka ngejubane eliphakathi kuka-63 no-118 km / h. Amafu asatshalaliswa ngokuma okuvunguza futhi iso elincane liqala ukwakheka, cishe njalo liyisiyingi. Ingcindezi yehliselwa ngaphansi kuka-1 000 hpa. Kulesi sigaba igama liqokwa ngokuya ngohlu lwe- Inhlangano Yezwe Yezulu.
Isiphepho saseTropiki siyaqina. Ithola isici sesiphepho, ngoba umoya ukhuphuka ngejubane eliphezulu kakhulu le-119 km / h noma ngaphezulu. Indawo enamafu iyanweba, ithola ukunwetshwa kwayo okukhulu phakathi kwamakhilomitha angama-500 kuya kwangu-900 ububanzi, ikhiqiza imvula enamandla. Iso lesiphepho ububanzi baso buhluka phakathi kwamakhilomitha angama-24 kuye kwangama-40 kuyindawo enokuthula engenamafu.
Kulesi sigaba sokuvuthwa, isiphepho sihlelwe kusetshenziswa isikali sikaSaffir-Simpson.
Imimoya enamandla kakhulu yesiphepho yenzeka emazingeni aphansi, ayanda ngamandla oku-oda okubili ngejubane lomoya futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu angalimaza kakhulu, lapho ukuxhumana nobuso kubanga ukuqothuka okunamandla ngokushayisana.
Endabeni yokuqinisa izivunguvungu, ukusakazwa kwangaphakathi, okuphezulu nokwangaphandle kufanele kube kukhulu kunokusakazeka ngenxa yokungqubuzana, futhi uma kwenzeka besesigabeni sabo esibuthaka, lokhu kusakazwa okujikelezayo kufanele kube ngaphansi kunalokho okushiwo. ukuhlinzekwa.
Emkhawulweni ongaphezulu, ubukhulu besiphepho bunqunywa yizinga lokushisa kolwandle olakheka phezu kwalo futhi lihambe: ukufudumala komoya emgqeni wemingcele ngenhla kwawo, lapho isifunda sodonga lwamehlo singanakekela ngokwengeziwe ingcindezi ephansi uma ubheka ukuzinza okwenzeka emazingeni aphezulu.
Ngenkathi amazinga okushisa aphezulu ebonisa ukwehluka okuncane ezindaweni ezishisayo, amazinga okushisa olwandle akhombisa ukwehluka okuqinile. Lesi yisona sizathu esenza ukuthi izinga lokushisa kwendawo yolwandle kube yipharamitha ebalulekile ekunqumeni indawo namandla amakhulu angafinyelelwa yisiphepho esishisayo.
Ngenxa yalokho, iziphepho azakheki noma zihlale noma zingabi namandla ngaphandle kokuthi zitholakala olwandle olushisayo olunamazinga okushisa olwandle angaphezu kuka-26 ° C, futhi alwakhi noma luhlale emhlabeni njengakuleyo ndawo icala lezingcindezi eziphansi ezedlulele neziphepho.
Iyasakaza. Le eddy enkulu iyagcinwa futhi yondliwe ulwandle olufudumele ize ingene emanzini abandayo noma lapho ingena ezweni, iphelelwa ngamandla ngokushesha futhi iqala ukuncibilika ngenxa yokushayisana okubangelwe ukunyakaza kwayo emhlabathini, amafu aqala chitha.
IZIFUNDA LAPHO ZITHOLA KANINGI KAKHULU
Isikhathi "isiphepho" Inomsuka wayo egameni amaNdiya aseMayan nawaseCaribbean awunika unkulunkulu wezivunguvungu. Kepha lesi simo esifanayo sezulu saziwa ku India ngethemu isiphepho; ku- IPhilippines Ibizwa baguio; e entshonalanga enyakatho pacific ibizwa ngokuthi isiphepho; futhi ku- E-Australia, uWilly-Willy.
Kunezifunda eziyisithupha emhlabeni lapho kungabonakala khona ukuba khona kweziphepho INyakatho Nenkabazwe, i-Atlantic, iNyakatho-mpumalanga yePacific, iNyakatho-ntshonalanga yePacific neNyakatho yeNdiya. ENingizimu Nenkabazwe, eningizimu yeNdiya nase-Australia kanye neNingizimu-ntshonalanga yePacific.
IZINKATHI ZE-CYCLONE EMEXICO
Uma kwenzeka kuba I-Atlantic Ocean, umcengezi we I-Caribbean kanye neGulf of Mexico, inani laminyaka yonke leziphepho ezishisayo yi eziyisishiyagalolunye ngokwesilinganiso isikhathi esisukela ku-1958 kuya ku-1996, sinamanani aphelele asukela ku-4 kuye ku-19. kusukela ngoJuni kuze kube ngoNovemba; inyanga esebenza kakhulu uSepthemba.
Izishingishane eziqanjwe igama enyakatho-mpumalanga yePacific Ocean zalinganiselwa ku-16 esikhathini sika-1968 kuya kowe-1996; ukwehluka kwesizini okunesilinganiso esiphakeme sama-25 nobuncane obungu-6. Isikhathi sonyaka siqala ngoMeyi 15 siphele ngoNovemba 30, inyanga ematasa kakhulu ingo-Agasti.
Kulezi zikhala ezimbili zasolwandle kunama-nuances amane wesizukulwane sesishingishane:
Okokuqala Itholakala eGulf of Tehuantepec futhi ivame ukusebenza phakathi nesonto eledlule likaMeyi. Iziphepho ezivela ngalesi sikhathi zivame ukuya entshonalanga kude neMexico; lezo ezikhiqizwe kusuka ngoJulayi kuye phambili zichaza ukufana okuhambisana nogu lwasePacific futhi kwesinye isikhathi kungene ezweni.
Isifunda sesibili itholakala engxenyeni eningizimu yeGulf of Mexico, kulokho okuthiwa "Sonda de Campeche". Iziphepho ezizalwe lapha zivela ngoJuni ngomzila osenyakatho, enyakatho-ntshonalanga, othinta iVeracruz neTamaulipas.
Okwesithathu itholakala esifundeni esisempumalanga ye Ulwandle lweCaribbean, evela ngoJulayi futhi ikakhulukazi phakathi kuka-Agasti no-Okthoba. Lezi ziphepho zinamandla amakhulu futhi zithatha isikhathi eside, zivame ukuthinta iYucatan futhi IFlorida, e-United States.
Owesine yi esifundeni se-Atlantic esempumalanga futhi icushiwe ikakhulukazi ngo-Agasti. Ziyiziphepho zamandla amakhulu nobude obukhulu, ngokuvamile zibheke entshonalanga, zingene Ulwandle lweCaribbean, Yucatán, Tamaulipas naseVeracruz, kodwa futhi bathambekele ekubuyeleni ngasenyakatho, okuthinta ugu lwase-United States.
UMPHUMELA WAMABHILONI EKUKHIPHENI NAKWESIMO SEZULU
Isiphepho esishisayo singesinye sezimo zemvelo ezibhubhisa kakhulu. Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zesimo sezulu ezidala umonakalo yilezi:
Amandla omoya wesiphepho okhipha noma adilize izinto, abangela ukunyakaza emanzini olwandle futhi anengcindezi eqinile ezindaweni.
Ukuqhuma kwesiphepho ukukhuphuka kwesikhashana olwandle eduze nogu okwakhiwa ngokudlula kwendawo emaphakathi nesiphepho, okuwudumo lwemimoya enamandla evunguza ibheke ezweni, kuye ngomehluko wengcindezi yasemkhathini phakathi kweso isiphepho nendawo ezungezile. Leli gagasi lingafinyelela ukuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha ayisithupha, ithambeka elincane lolwandle lingaholela ekuqongeleleni kwamanzi ngumoya ngakho-ke ukuqhuma kwesiphepho okuphezulu.
Imvula enamandla ehambisana nesiphepho esishisayo ingadala ukuqhuma komhlaba futhi iholele kwizikhukhula.
Ukwanda kwabantu emaphethelweni omhlaba kwenze ukuthi kungenakugwenywa ukuthi imiphumela emibi yeziphepho ezishisayo esintwini izokwanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba kwenzekile emashumini eminyaka amuva nje eMexico. Ngokufanayo, abezindaba, ezokuthutha kanye nezokukhiqiza kwezolimo zithintekile.
Ngokwamarekhodi wokungena komhlaba weziphepho ezishisayo, kusezifundazweni zaseBaja California Sur, eSinaloa, eQuintana Roo naseTamaulipas lapho zingena kakhulu.
IMIQOPHISO EYEDLULA KAKHULU YONKE ENGENELE EBHALINI LIKAZWELONKE
ISiphepho uGilberto singakhonjwa njengenye yezinamandla kakhulu kuze kube manje kuleli khulu leminyaka. Umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu owenziwe wenzeka ezifundazweni zaseQuintana Roo, Yucatan, Tamaulipas noNuevo León, nasezingeni elincane eCampeche naseCoahuila. Kwezinye izindawo kubangele ukulahleka kwempilo yomuntu kanye nemiphumela yako emibi kakhulu. Ishiye imikhondo yokudlula kwayo emisebenzini yezolimo, ezokuxhumana, ucwaningo nengqalasizinda.
Ngokuphathelene nemithelela yesimo sezulu, lezi zimo zinquma ukwanda kwe- imvula ikakhulukazi kufayela le- Izifunda zaseNyakatho-ntshonalanga, eNyakatho naseNyakatho-mpumalanga, lapho kutholakala khona izindawo ezoma kakhulu zezwe, futhi kuzo kuthuthukiswe izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba oniselwayo, futhi njengamanje lomsebenzi okhulayo wezomnotho ufinyelela ezingeni lapho amanzi eseqale ukuba yisici esinciphisayo. Ngokuthuthuka kwabo.
Iziphepho ezishisayo zombili izingqimba zensimu yaseMexico zakha i- umthombo obalulekile wemvula nokuvuselelwa kwama-aquifers phakathi nenkathi kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuNovemba. Le ndawo yonke ingaphansi kokuhlukahluka kombuso wemvula kanti izimvula ezibaluleke kakhulu ezihlobene nomthelela walezi ziphepho; ukungabikho kwabo isikhathi eside ehlobo kuyimbangela yesomiso kule ndawo.
Imvula yesizini neyonyaka yaziwa ngokungahambelani ngokuhlukile izinga lokushisa nokuthi ukusilela kwemvula kuvame ukuhambisana amazinga okushisa aphakeme kanye nokuhwamuka okwandayo nokwehla komswakama wasemkhathini.
Njengoba kubonakala ukuthi ekuguquguqukeni kwemvelo kwesimo sezulu kube nezikhathi ezomile ezinde kule ndawo, kungenzeka ukuthi izehlakalo zesomiso eziphakeme (imvula ephansi ngokungajwayelekile) zihlobene nokungena okuphansi kwalezi ziphepho noma ushintsho ama-trajectories akhula kakhulu kude nogu.
OKUFANELE UKWENZE LAPHO I-HURRICANE ISONDELA?
Gcina ikhi yosizo lokuqala, umsakazo nethoshi elinezingxenye zokungcebeleka, amanzi abilisiwe ezitsheni ezimboziwe, ukudla okusemathinini, ukuntanta kanye nemibhalo ebalulekile egcinwe kuplastiki.
Gcina umsakazo onikwe amandla webhethri uvuliwe ukuze uthole ulwazi. Vala iminyango namawindi, uvikele ngaphakathi amawindi ngeteyipu yokunamathisela efakwe kuhlobo lwe-X. Vikela zonke izinto ezikhululekile ezingaphephethwa umoya. Susa izimpondo zethelevishini, izimpawu noma ezinye izinto ezilenga. Letha izilwane (uma ungumnikazi wemfuyo) nemishini yokusebenza endaweni ekhethiwe. Yiba nezingubo ezifudumele noma ezingangeni manzi ngesandla. Vala izinto zikagesi noma izinto ezingonakala ngamanzi ngezikhwama zepulasitiki. Hlanza uphahla, ama-drain, ama-gutters kanye namapayipi, bese ushanela umgwaqo ngokuhlanza kahle ama-gutters. Gcwalisa uphethiloli wemoto (uma ungumnikazi wawo) bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri lisesimweni esihle. Vala isembozo semithombo noma samachibi anengxube ukuze ube namanzi angcolile. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthuthela endaweni yokukhosela esivele ihleliwe, uma ikhaya lakho selivikelekile, hamba nezinto ezibalulekile.
Umthombo: IMexico engaziwa engu-248 / Okthoba 1997
