Iminyuziyamu ehlobene nomlando wemvelo ithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yobuningi bemininingwane abayinikezayo ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okusivumela ukuba sibabaze izilwane nezitshalo ebesingasoze sakubona ngenye indlela.
Okudume kakhulu yilokho kwe- ILondon Y I-New York, kodwa uMuzi wase EMexico unentshisekelo kunazo zonke futhi mhlawumbe ngikuhlukanise naye nohambo olufushane nje ngololiwe ongaphansi komhlaba nangebhasi. Sikumema ukuba uvakashele i-Natural History Museum yaseMexico City ngalo mhlahlandlela ocacile.
I-Museum of Natural History yasungulwa nini futhi isakhiwo sayo sinjani?
I-Museum of Natural History ivule iminyango yayo ngo-Okthoba 24, 1964, phakathi kwegagasi le-furor leminyuziyamu eminyakeni yama-60s, lapho kwavela khona iNational Museum of Anthropology, iMuseum of Modern Art, iNational Museum we-Viceroyalty nezinye izikhungo zamasiko zaseMexico.
INatural History Museum itholakala engxenyeni yesibili yeHlathi leChapultepec futhi inendawo engama-7,500 m2 yombukiso, usatshalaliswa endaweni eyakhiwe ngokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezibusayo.
Leli bhilidi futhi linendawo yokwamukela izivakashi lapho kunezibonelo eziboniswayo nezindawo eziluhlaza ezisetshenziselwa imisebenzi yezemvelo nokusatshalaliswa kwesayensi.
Njengamanje umnyuziyamu unamathiselwe ku-General Directorate of Urban Forests and Environmental Education of the Ministry of the Environment of the Federal District Government.
Ihlelwe kanjani incwadi eyisampula yeMuseum of Natural History?
Umbukiso wasemnyuziyamu uhlelwe ngamakamelo ayi-7 noma izindawo zombukiso zaphakade: Umkhathi, Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo, Ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo yasemanzini; Ukuvela kwezinto eziphilayo; Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu, ukubheka imvelaphi yethu; I-biogeography, ukunyakaza nokuziphendukela kwempilo; nodonga lukaDiego Rivera, Amanzi, imvelaphi yokuphila, etholakala eCárcamo de Dolores, isakhiwo sesengezo somnyuziyamu.
Amagugu ezibonelo zemnyuziyamu akhiwa izinhlobo ezimbili zamaqoqo: Exhibition Collection and Scientific Collection of Insects.
Izinhlobo zeqoqo lokuqala zikhonjiswe emakamelweni ehlukene embukiso, ngenkathi iningi leqoqo lezinambuzane ligcinwa liphephile, nokufinyelela okunomkhawulo.
Yini engikubona egumbini elibhekise kuMkhathi?
Le mojule ithatha uhambo ngokuhlangana kwendawo yonke, kusuka lapho kwaqala khona iSolar System neLanga layo, amaplanethi, iziphuphutheki nezinye izindikimba zasezulwini, kuye ekwakhiweni kwezindawo ezinkudlwana, njengemithala.
Kuleli gumbi ucezu lwe-meteorite ye-Allende luyagcinwa, i-fireball eyawa yahlakazeka yaba izingcezu ngoFebhuwari 8, 1969 eduzane nabantu baseChihuahuan begama elifanayo, yize izingxenye eziningi zatholakala.
I-Allende meteorite yakhiwa eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-4,568 edlule, ngasikhathi sinye neSolar System, ngakho-ke lapho ubona ucezu olungamasentimitha angama-20 olukhonjiswa umnyuziyamu, uzobe ubabaza mhlawumbe into endala kunazo zonke edlula ngamehlo akho.
Esinye isikhala esithokozisayo kule mojule enikezelwe kwi-Universe sinikezelwe odabeni lokushisa komhlaba, olubaluleke kakhulu ekusindeni kwezinhlobo, kubandakanya nabantu.
Izivakashi lapha zithola imininingwane ebalulekile yokuba nokuziphatha kwemvelo, okuvumela ukubuyisa usongo lokushisa komhlaba.
Yini okuhlinzekwa ukuhlukaniswa kwemodyuli ephilayo?
Le mojula ye-thematic yakhelwe ngokususelwa kumqondo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wokwakheka kwezinkulungwane zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala eMhlabeni.
Kusukela endulo eyaziwayo, umuntu wayelangazelela ukuhlukanisa izilwane nezitshalo.
Esinye sezazi zokuqala ukusondela kule ndaba kwakuyisazi sefilosofi esingumGreki u-Aristotle, owenza ukuhlukaniswa kwakhe kwezidalwa eziphilayo kususelwa kuzici zazo zokwakheka komzimba.
Kwakungu-Aristotle owenza umehluko wokuqala phakathi kwezilwane ezi-oviparous kanye ne-viviparous, yize ayengalungile impela lapho ethi uhlaka lwezobunhloli lwaluyinhliziyo nokuthi umsebenzi wobuchopho ukuvikela inhliziyo ekushiseni ngokweqile.
Bese kuba khona okunye ukwahlukaniswa okuphawulekayo kwezidalwa eziphilayo, kwaze kwavela okubaluleke kunakho konke, iSweden Carl von Linnaeus, owadala ngekhulu le-18 igama lesibizo sezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane (igama elilodwa lohlobo oluthile nelinye lohlobo) safunda esikoleni samabanga aphakeme nokuthi sisasetshenziswa namanje.
Kwathi ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka, iTaxonomy, okuyisayensi ephathelene nokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, yanothiswa ngeminikelo yeCharles Darwin's Theory of Evolution.
Ekugcineni, ngemuva kokuphazamiseka kofuzo ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, yizakhi zofuzo esabelana ngazo noma siyeke ukwabelana ngazo, okubeka umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane, okukhombisa ukuthi izidalwa ezilula nezinzima kakhulu zihlanganyela izakhi zofuzo kanye nokhokho .
Ukwahlukaniswa kwegumbi lezinto eziphilayo eMnyuziyamu Yomlando Wezemvelo kunikeza uhambo oluthakazelisayo ngalezi zici zesayensi zokuphila eMhlabeni.
Yini intshisekelo yekamelo Ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo yasemanzini?
Siphila eplanethi yamanzi, impilo yavela emanzini futhi kusenesifiso sokuthi inkulumo ephezulu yokuziphendukela kwemvelo eMhlabeni, indoda, ayikwazi ukuhlala endaweni yasemanzini, okungenani hhayi isikhathi eside.
Izilwandle neminye imizimba yamanzi zihlanganisa cishe amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-3622, emele ngaphezu kwama-70% womhlaba wonke.
Ngaphandle kwezilwandle, iplanethi yethu inamachibi, amachibi kanye nezinye izikhala zasemanzini lapho kuphithizela khona impilo.
Njengamanje, kuwo wonke amalitha ayi-100 amanzi eMhlabeni, angama-97 ngamanzi anosawoti kanti amathathu ngawamanzi ahlanzekile. Emanzini ayi-3 ahlanzekile, ama-2 afriziwe ezingxenyeni ezijiyile zeqhwa, ikakhulukazi e-Antarctica, kanti ilitha elilodwa nje kuphela lihambelana nemifula, amachibi neminye imithombo lapho sinikeza khona uketshezi olubalulekile.
Ukuphila emanzini kudinga izici ezikhethekile. Izinhlanzi zifunde ukuthwebula umoya-mpilo oncibilikiswe emanzini futhi ube nomzimba we-hydrodynamic ozivumela ukuba zihambe endaweni enamanzi.
Imilenze eboshelwe yezinyoni ezine-webbed, njengamadada, amahansi, namahansi, isetshenziselwa ukuzithuthuzela ezindaweni ezigeleza amanzi. Izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, njenge-whale nehlengethwa, zakha amaphiko okubhukuda.
Ukulwa nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke nokuvikelwa kwemithombo yamanzi akukhona nje kuphela ukugcina lokho umuntu akudingayo ukuze aphile, kodwa futhi nokonga imvelo ebalulekile ebaluleke kakhulu egcwele izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo esizondlayo.
Lezi ngezinye zezifundo ezishiyelwe igumbi lokuzivumelanisa nezimo zasemanzini zeNatural History Museum yaseMexico City.
Yini egumbini le-Evolution of Living Things?
Esikhathini esithile esedlule, okhokho bethu baphoqeleka ukuba bahambe, ngani? Okunye kokucatshangwa yisayensi kubeka ukuthi ubipedalism waqhamuka wakwazi ukubona emahlathini efuna inyamazane.
Leli gumbi leMnyuziyamu Yomlando Wezemvelo likhombisa izici eziye zavumela izinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo ukuba zivumelane futhi ziphumelele ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba.
Ngenxa yezinsalela, ososayensi bayazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwezindawo ezaziphila esikhathini esedlule, ukuthi yini ababezondla ngayo, ababeyizilwane zabo futhi uma izindawo ezithile zazingaphansi kolwandle izigidi zeminyaka edlule.
Imodyuli ye-Evolution of Living Things ikhombisa ukukhula kwempilo ngezikhathi zemvelo, kanye nezinguquko ezinkulu, kufaka phakathi ukuqothulwa okukhulu, okwenzekile ukubumba ukuhlukahluka kweplanethi.
Kuleli gumbi kunesifanekiso esifanekisela umnyuziyamu, umfanekiso ofanayo I-Diplodocus carnegii, idayinaso eyayihlala eNyakatho Melika cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-150 edlule, ngesikhathi se-Upper Jurassic.
Yini ukubaluleka kwesikhala sokuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu, ukubheka imvelaphi yethu?
Lo mbukiso unomphela eMnyuziyamu Wezomlando Wezemvelo usebenza ngokukhethekile ngokuvela komuntu.
Izama ukuphendula imibuzo efana nokuthi uhlobo lomuntu lwavela nini futhi kuphi, luvelaphi olunye uhlobo lwesilwane, esabelana ngalo nocezu lomlando, futhi yini ubudlelwane bethu nezilwane ezincelisayo eziphakeme eziyizihlobo zethu eziseduze kakhulu.
Umbukiso uvezwa ngezimbazo ezi-5 ezinengqikithi: Yo primate, Yo simio, Yo hominino, Yo Homo noJo sapiens.
Sijwayele ukusebenzisa amagama athi "inyamazane" kanye "nenkawu" njengokungathi ayefana. Izinkawu yizinyamazane ezinkulu ezingenawo umsila, njengezimfene, i-orangutan, i-gorilla, nomuntu.
Ama-Hominin yizinyamazane ezinokuma okumi kahle kanye ne-bipedal locomotion. UHomo uwuhlobo lwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezibhekwa njengomuntu; okungukuthi, thina nezihlobo zethu eziseduze zokuziphendukela kwemvelo. USapiens (Sage) uyithina nje, hhayi ngaphandle kokucela okuthile.
Kunoma ikuphi, siyingxenye yomndeni omkhulu futhi le module yeMnyuziyamu Yomlando Wezemvelo ichaza ukuvela komuntu, izama ukuphendula imibuzo ebuzwa njalo ngale ndaba.
Ngabe imodyuli yeBiogeography, iMovement ne-Evolution of Life ifundisani?
Kungani kungenzeka ukuthola izinsalela zezinhlobo ezifanayo ku- IYurophu naseNyakatho Melika? Ngoba izilwane zenza ukufuduka okukhulu futhi abomdabu abaningi bezwekazi elidala bathatha uhambo oluya eNyakatho Melika ngeBering Strait.
Kungani izinsalela ezifanayo zitholakala e-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika? Ngoba izigidi zeminyaka edlule, womabili la masimu ayebumbene.
I-Biogeography yisayensi ehlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene phakathi kweBiology neJografi, ebhekele ukutadisha izindlela zokusatshalaliswa kwezitshalo nezilwane emkhathini nangesikhathi.
Kungani inhlobo ingahlala endaweni eyodwa hhayi kwenye? Kungani izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zicebile ezindaweni ezishisayo?
Imojuli Biogeography, ukunyakaza kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwempilo yeMnyuziyamu Yomlando Wezemvelo iyaphendula le mibuzo, ngokuxhaswa yizinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo eziboniswayo kanye nabamele idorama ezifundeni eziyinhloko zomhlaba.
Yini i-El Cárcamo de Dolores?
ICárcamo de Dolores iyisakhiwo seNatural History Museum, esinjengalesi, esigabeni sesibili seHlathi leChapultepec. Yakhiwa ngo-1951 ukukhumbula ukuqedwa kohlelo lweLerma, umsebenzi obalulekile wokunikezwa kwamanzi eMexico City.
ICárcamo de Dolores inezinto eziningi ezihehayo ezivakashelwa, njengokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo okwakhiwe ngodonga kukaDiego Rivera Amanzi, imvelaphi yokuphila; iLambdoma Chamber, ukuqonda okuhle kuka-Ariel Guzik okuvusa ubukhona bamanzi; kanye neFuente de Tláloc, futhi nomsebenzi kaRivera.
Ekwenziweni kobuciko odongeni, uRivera wathembela kumqondo wesazi sezinto eziphilayo saseRussia u-Aleksandr Oparin ngemvelaphi yokuphila.
Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, u-Oparin wabhala ukuthi impilo yavela emanzini, ngemuva kokuthi izinto ezingaphili zavela zaba yinto ephilayo, kwavela amaseli okuqala.
Umdwebo ukhombisa ezinye zezinhlobo ezimele kakhulu zokuvela kokuphila, njenge-trilobite, okwakuyisilwane sokuqala esinamehlo anzima; kanye ne-cooksonia, isitshalo okukholelwa ukuthi yiso sokuqala ukukhula emhlabeni.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu eqoqweni eliboniswayo?
Ngaphandle komfuziselo wezinsalela zamathambo I-Diplodocus carnegii, Amamitha angama-25 ubude, lapho bedlula emakamelweni izivakashi zibabaza ubuningi bezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kusukela kokulula kakhulu kokuphilayo kuya kokuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Ngenxa yemvelaphi yazo, izinhlobo eziboniswayo zehlukaniswe izigaba ezine: I-Geological, kubhekiswa kuzinhlobo zenhlabathi, amadwala namaminerali; I-Paleontological, eyakhiwe ngama-fossil; leyo ye-Herbarium, eyenziwe ngo-algae, izitshalo kanye nesikhunta; naleyo yeZoology, efaka izilwane ezinomgogodla nezingenamqolo
Izivakashi zibingelelwa ngomusa endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi emnyuziyamu ibhere elihlaba umxhwele elingamamitha amathathu ubude.
I-argonaut ne-crystal jellyfish yizicucu ezimbili zekhulu le-19 ezivela ePoplar Museum yakudala, nayo evela emkhakheni womlando wemvelo.
Ezinye izibonelo ezinombhalo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo nama-taxidermies amangalisayo yi-platypus, esinye sezilwane ezindala kunazo zonke ezisaphila; i-elk, ilungu elikhulu kunawo wonke emndenini wezinyamazane; noFudu lwe IGalapagos, phakathi kwamakhulu amakhulu emhlabeni.
Kukhona neTeporingo noma iBunny yezintaba-mlilo, uhlobo olungajwayelekile nolungajwayelekile endaweni yasentabamlilo ezungeze isiGodi saseMexico, futhi okungunogwaja omncane ezweni.
Ngokufanayo, i-jaguar, insikazi enkulu kunazo zonke eMelika, ikhona; i-Kiwi, inyoni elahlekelwe amandla okundiza ngoba ngaphambi kokufika komuntu, yayingenazo izidlakela esiqhingini sayo saseNew Zealand esidabuka kuso; kanye neNdlovu yase-Asia, enye yezinhlobo ezimbili ezikhona manje zezindlovu.
Siphetha lokhu kuhamba ngeqoqo eliboniswe eMuseum of Natural History neAmerican Beaver, igundane elikhulu kunawo wonke eNyakatho Melika; i-Leopard ye-Snow, isilwane esingajwayelekile kakhulu okuhlala kuso izibonelo ezimbalwa kakhulu; nomhlathi omkhulu we I-Carcharodon megalodon, ushaka omkhulu kunabo bonke owake waphila.
Yini usizo lweqoqo lezesayensi lezinambuzane?
Leli qoqo lezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-55,000 lakhiwa izimvemvane (40%), amabhungane (40%) namanye amaqembu ezinambuzane (20%).
Izibonelo zokuqala eqoqweni kwakuyiminikelo evela kubantu, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezesayensi, futhi kamuva yandiswa ngemisebenzi yocwaningo lwensimu yomnyuziyamu uqobo, njengokubhaliswa kwezimvemvane ezihlala ehlathini leChapultepec.
Iqoqo lakhuleliswa njengebhange lolwazi lwe-entomological locwaningo lwesayensi, yingakho ligcinwa ezinqolobaneni, kuthintwa ochwepheshe nabafundi. Endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi emnyuziyamu kunesampula elincane leqoqo lezinambuzane ezikulesi sikhungo.
Ingabe umnyuziyamu unemibukiso yesikhashana?
Njalo, i-Natural History Museum iba nemibukiso yesikhashana yokunikeza umphakathi ulwazi nokuvakasha kwezihloko ngezihloko ezithile emlandweni wemvelo
Phakathi kwemibukiso yesikhashana eseyethuliwe kubalwa i- “Ventus. Umoya, ukuhamba nempilo ”,“ Amathambo. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuhamba "," oshaka, ama-mantas nemisebe. Abaphathi bolwandle ”, kanye“ Nezilwane Ezingajwayelekile ”.
Amanye amasampula wesikhashana adlulayo akhangayo futhi afundisayo kube "yizindawo zokuhlola izinkanyezi, amaphuzu okuxhumeka komhlaba nawo wonke umhlaba", "umkhumbi kaNowa", "i-Auroras, okungaphezu kombukiso okhanyayo" kanye "Netshe, isikhumba, iphepha ne-pixel ”.
Athini amahora, amanani nolunye ulwazi onentshisekelo ngalo?
IMnyuziyamu Yomlando Wezemvelo itholakala eseCorrer es Salud Circuit engxenyeni yesibili yeHlathi leChapultepec.
Umnyuziyamu uvulelekile emphakathini phakathi kwangoLwesibili nangeSonto, kusukela ngo-10 ekuseni kuya ku-5 ntambama. Ukwamukelwa okujwayelekile ngama-peso angama-20, ngesilinganiso esincishisiwe sama-peso ayi-10 sabafundi nothisha abaneziqinisekiso ezisemthethweni, abantu abadala nabantu abasemaqenjini asengozini.
Ukufika emnyuziyamu ngokuthuthwa komphakathi ngesiteshi sesitimela iChapultepec, thatha umzila 24 wamabhasi ne-combis. Ngomasipala omkhulu waseConstituyentes, indlela ongayithatha ingama-47, ekushiya phambi komnyuziyamu.
Ngabe iMnyuziyamu Yomlando Wezemvelo iqhuba imisebenzi yezemvelo ngaphandle?
Isigcinimagugu sihlela imisebenzi yezemvelo ehlathini laseChapultepec, inhloso yalo ukusondeza abantu emvelweni nokukhuthaza imikhuba yokuziphatha kwezemvelo phakathi kwezakhamizi.
Phakathi kwalokhu kukhona umsebenzi we-Tree Monitoring, owenzelwa ukusebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezicebile ezitholakala ehlathini laseChapultepec. Kulolu hlelo ababambiqhaza benza imvelo, ngenkathi benza uhambo lokufundisa ngemvelo.
Uhlelo lwe-Tree Monitoring lwamukela ababambiqhaza abasukela eminyakeni eyi-10 futhi lwenzeka ngoLwesibili nangoLwesithathu ngemuva kokuqokwa kwangaphambilini nasemaqenjini okungenani abantu aba-5. Kubiza u- $ 6, kanye netikiti lokungena emnyuziyamu.
Olunye uhlelo lwezemvelo yi-Participatory Bird Monitoring. Lo msebenzi uvulelekile kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 ubudala ngamaqembu abantu abangaba ngu-10 futhi ukhululekile. Kwenzeka ngoLwesihlanu phakathi kuka-8 ekuseni no-10: 30 ekuseni, emzileni ongaba amakhilomitha amane esigabeni sesibili seHlathi leChapultepec.
Ucabangani ngomqondisi wethu weMuseum of Natural History eMexico City? Umbono wakho ubaluleke kakhulu ukwaba imininingwane oyithandayo nomphakathi wethu wabafundi. Sishiyele imibono emfushane ngokuvela kwakho ngalo mhlahlandlela. Kuze kube yisikhathi esilandelayo.
Thola iminyuziyamu eminingi ongayivakashela ohambweni lwakho olulandelayo!:
- I-Museum Of The Mummies Of Guanajuato: Umhlahlandlela Ocacile
- ISoumaya Museum: Umhlahlandlela Ocacile
- Iminyuziyamu engama-30 ehamba phambili eMexico City Ukuvakashela
