Itholakala ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-2,600 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle futhi inesimo sezulu "esinamakhaza kakhulu esifundeni sezindawo eziphakeme zaseMexico", inhloko-dolobha yeSifundazwe saseMexico yidolobha elikhuthele, elihle futhi elinomoya wokungenisa izihambi. Woza umhlangabeze!
Abantu baseMatlatzinca babizwa ngeTollocan, okusho ukuthi "Indawo yokuhlonipha", futhi kwakuyisikhungo somkhosi esibalulekile. Abantu bomdabu ababehlala kulesi sigodi babenamasu athuthukile omsebenzi wezolimo, yingakho izinqolobane zamakhosi okugcina aseMexico zatholwa lapho. Ngemuva kokunqoba, iToluca yayiyingxenye yeMarquis yeSigodi sase-Oaxaca eyanikezwa uHernán Cortés yiNkosi yaseSpain ngo-1529.
Ukusondela kwayo enhlokodolobha yaseMexico (ngamakhilomitha angama-64 kuphela) kwenza iToluca isikhungo sokuqoqwa kwezolimo kwalokho esikwaziyo manje njengoMbuso WaseMexico. Ezindaweni ezizungezile, naphezu kokukhula okusheshayo kwedolobha eminyakeni yamuva nje, ummbila, ubhontshisi, upelepele, ubhontshisi obanzi namabhithi kusalinywa, phakathi kweminye imikhiqizo.
IToluca yamenyezelwa njengedolobha ngo-1677 kanye nenhlokodolobha yezwe ngo-1831. Izakhamizi zayo bezilokhu zibambe iqhaza emzabalazweni weMexico wokuzimela nokuhlanganiswa kwayo, kepha kwaba ngesikhathi sePorfiriato, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, lapho yathola okukhulu i-boom njengedolobha lezimboni nelokuhweba.
Imboni yokusanhlamvu, ubhiya nezindwangu, ibhange lombuso, amahlathi kanye nezikole eziningi zobuciko nemisebenzi yezandla, ngaphezu kweyunivesithi yakhona, ikwenze kwaba idolobha elichumayo nelinekusasa eliqinisekile.
IToluca, inhlokodolobha yesifundazwe esinabantu abaningi eMexico, inokuxhumana okuhle kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwe ngenethiwekhi yomgwaqo ebanzi. Namuhla isikhumulo sayo sezindiza samazwe omhlaba siyindlela ehamba phambili esebenza kangcono kunazo zonke eMexico City.
Etholakala kumamitha angu-2 600 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, iToluca inesimo sezulu esipholile; imikhawulo yayo yasemadolobheni inwetshiwe kakhulu, kangangokuthi amadolobha amaningi amancane angomakhelwane manje aseyingxenye yawo.
E-Toluca, umlando nesimanjemanje kuhlangana ngokuvumelanayo. Njengoba inabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi, inikeza zonke izinsizakalo zedolobha lesimanje, kodwa futhi iyaziqhenya ngezindawo eziningi zomlando ezilindele isivakashi emigwaqweni, ezigcawini, emathempelini naseminyuziyamu futhi ezibatshela ngomlando ocebile.
Njengawo wonke amadolobha asendulo eMexico, iToluca ithuthuke yazungeza indawo yayo emaphakathi, edwetshiwe ngezikhathi zamakoloni, kepha kusasele izinsalela ezimbalwa zokwakha. IPlaza Cívica, ebizwa nangokuthi "de los Mártires" ukuhlonipha abahlubuki abanikelwa ngesikhathi se-Independence, kufanelekile ukuvakashelwa. Cishe esigcawini kukhona isigodlo sikahulumeni, isigodlo sikamasipala nendlunkulu yomthetho. Ngasohlangothini lwaseningizimu kumi iCathedral of the Assumption, ekhonjiswe ngonyaka we-1870, ebeka ukwakheka kwayo, okufana nezindawo ezindala zamaRoma, enedome ebekwe isithsaba sikaSanta Joseph, usanta ongumvikeli wedolobha. Okunamathiselwe ku-cathedral yithempeli le-Third Order, ngesitayela esidumile se-baroque esigcina imisebenzi ebalulekile yobuciko.
Izimbobo, enkabeni yedolobha, zakha iqoqo lezitolo eziningi zezinto ezahlukahlukene kakhulu, phakathi kwazo izitolo zamaswidi ajwayelekile, adumile ezweni lonke, njengebisi ham, ulamula ogcwele ukhukhunathi, imarzipan, amajeli, izithelo ezibhakiwe kanye nesiraphu, ama-cocadas namaswidi wepome, phakathi kokunye.
Izinyathelo ezimbalwa ukusuka esigcawini yiBotanical Garden, egcina iCosmo Vitral ebabazekayo ecishe ibe ngamamitha-skwele angama-2 000, engenye yezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, umsebenzi weMexico Leopoldo Flores. Isihloko sengilazi enamabala, senziwe ngobuciko, ngumuntu nendawo yonke, ubumbano phakathi kokuhle nokubi, impilo nokufa, ukudalwa nokubhujiswa.
EJardin efanayo yaseBotanical, phakathi kwechibi lokuzenzela nempophoma, kunganconywa izinhlobo zezitshalo eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, cishe zonke zahlukaniswa ngusosayensi waseJapan u-Eizi Matuda, okhokhelwa intela emfanele ngokugqokwa ngethusi. Ezinye izindawo ezithakazelisa eToluca ngamathempeli aseCarmen, lawo e-Third Order yaseSan Francisco nalelo laseSanta Veracruz, lapho kuhlonishwa khona uKrestu omnyama wekhulu le-16.
ISITATIMENDE SOKUQALA SOBABA WEZWE
Isifanekiso sokuqala esakhiwe ukuhlonipha uDon Miguel Hidalgo siseTenancingo. Lesi sithombe sakhiwe ngo-1851 nguJoaquín Solache futhi saqoshwa enkwalini esifundeni ngumpristi waseTenancingo, u-Epigmenio de la Piedra.
HHAYI UKUDUKA
Uma uya eToluca, ungaphuthelwa yithuba lokudla ikhekhe elimnandi e- "Vaquita Negra", i-tortería enolwazi olungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50, etholakala kumasango, eHidalgo ekhoneni likaNicolás Bravo, enkabeni. Kunezitshulu eziningi, kepha i- "toluqueña" noma i- "devilish", eyenziwe ukuhlonipha amaRed Devils aseToluca, ahlukile, ngoba enziwe nge-chorizo yasendlini.
