Ngo-1971, izindaba zokutholakala kwamanani amakhulu abesifazane nabesifazanekazi abalingiswa ngobumba zasakazwa phakathi kwabalimi ababehlala ngaseLaguna de Alvarado, kumasipala wase-Ignacio de la Llave, eVeracruz.
Wonke umuntu wayazi ukuthi lesi sifunda sasicebe kakhulu ngezinsalela zemivubukulo; Ngezikhathi ezithile, lapho umhlaba wawulinywa noma kwakhiwa imisele yokwakha izindlu noma ukufaka amapayipi, izingcezu zemikhumbi nezithombe zazingcwatshwa kanye nomufi kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi. Kepha amahemuhemu manje akhuluma ngokungajwayelekile.
Ngempela: ngemuva nje kwalokho, abavubukuli abavela eVeracruzana University bafika esifundeni, bathola ukuthi ezinye izakhamizi zakule ndawo ezaziwa ngokuthi i-El Zapotal, etholakala entshonalanga ye-Alvarado Lagoon, zenze imingcele ngasese eqoqweni lezindunduma, ezinye zazo kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-15 ukuphakama; abantu babebabhabhathize njengamagquma eqhude kanye nesikhukhukazi, futhi impela endaweni yesikhulumi phakathi kwalezi zindunduma ezimbili othile wabeka amafosholo abo, ethola iterrototta ephawulwe kakhulu.
Isazi semivubukulo uManuel Torres Guzmán uqondise ukuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile ezahlanganisa leyo minyaka yawo-1970, kufinyelela ekutholeni okumangazayo okwandayo. Okwamanje siyazi ukuthi lokhu okutholakele kufana nendawo engcwele ebekelwe unkulunkulu wabafileyo, lapho kwanikelwa khona inqwaba yamanani abunjiwe obumba, kanye nabantu abangaba yikhulu, okuyinkambiso yomngcwabo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ewubukhazikhazi lapho sigcina izindaba.
Lowo mnikelo omkhulu, owawuhlanganisa izingqimba eziningana zomugqa wesigcawu, wanikezelwa enkosini yabafileyo, onesithombe sayo, nayo esasenziwe ngobumba, ngeshwa kwahlala kungaphekiwe. Unkulunkulu izikhulumi zesiNahuatl ezazibiza ngoMictlantecuhtli uhleli esihlalweni sobukhosi esihle, ngemuva kwaso kufakwe ekhanda elikhulu eligqokwa yinombolo, lapho kukhona khona amakhakhayi abantu namakhanda ezibankwa nezingwevu ezimnandi.
Phambi kwalesi sibalo, okuhlangenwe nakho okwesabekayo nokuncomekayo kuphila ngasikhathi sinye: ukwesaba ukufa nokuthokozela ubuhle obuxubene nemizwelo yethu lapho kucatshangwa okokuqala ngobufakazi obumangalisayo besikhathi esandulele seSpanishi. Okusalayo yingxenye yethempeli, izindonga zalo ezinhlangothini ezazihlotshiswe ngezigcawu zabapristi abasemuva obomvu, nangomfanekiso kankulunkulu, isihlalo sakhe sobukhosi nekhanda lakhe; ezinye izingxenye zidwebe umbala ofanayo nazo ziyagcinwa.
Njengoba abanye abantu baseMexico yangaphambi kweSpanishi babemmelela, inkosi yabafileyo yayiyisisekelo kanye nokuhlangana kwempilo nokufa, okwakumele amelwe njengongafile; ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wayo, i-torso, izingalo nenhloko zikhonjiswe ngaphandle kwenyama nesikhumba, kukhombisa amalunga wamathambo, ubambo kanye nogebhezi. Lesi sibalo sika-El Zapotal, unkulunkulu, sinezandla, imilenze nezinyawo ezinemisipha, namehlo, enziwe ngento ethile elahlekile, akhombisa ukubuka okucacile kwenombolo.
Besivele sisazi isithombe senkosi yabafileyo, esitholwe kule ndawo emaphakathi neVeracruz, esizeni seLos Cerros, futhi yize sinobukhulu obuncane kuyisibonelo sobuchule laba baculi basogwini abasebenza ngabo. UMictlantecuhtli ubuye akhonjiswe endaweni ehlezi nawo wonke umzimba wamathambo, ngaphandle kwezandla nezinyawo zakhe; isikhundla sayo esiphakeme sigcizelelwa yindwangu enkulu eyindilinga.
E-El Zapotal, ukutholwa kwabavubukuli kukhombisa ubunzima obukhulu ekuhlelweni kweminikelo. Ezingeni elingaphezulu kwendlu engcwele yenkosi yabafileyo, esendaweni ejulile, kwatholakala imingcwabo yesibili, lapho ubukhona bezithombe ezimomothekayo begqamile, ezinye zazo ziveziwe, zihambisana nezithombe ezincane zobumba ezazimele izilwane.
Ngaphezulu kwalesi sethi, kwabekwa amaqembu ezithombe ezakhiwe ngobumba futhi agqoke kahle, afaka abapristi kabusha, abadlali bebhola, njll. Into eyamangaza kakhulu ukutholakala kohlobo lwamabhokisi wamathambo anobukhulu obungajwayelekile, okwathi kwezinye izimo afinyelela kumamitha angu-4.76 ukuphakama, futhi okuthi, njengomgogodla ongcwele futhi omkhulu, wakhiwa izingebhezi ezingama-82, amathambo amade, izimbambo nama-vertebrae. .
Ngokusondela ngaphezulu, kulokho okwachazwa ngokuvubukulwa njengolwelwesi lwesibili noma uhlaka lwamasiko, kwatholakala inqwaba yamatshe obumba, amafomethi amancane naphakathi, wesitayela sobuciko esichazwe ngokuthi "izibalo ezinezici ezinhle". kuqhakambisa isithombe sompristi ethwele i-jaguar emhlane, abantu ababili bephethe ibhokisi lesiko kanye nokumelwa komuntu ozinikele kunkulunkulu wemvula. Kubukeka sengathi inhloso yalabo abenze lo mnikelo bekuwukuphinda bazenze kabusha ngesikhathi sokugcina salo mcimbi.
Esigabeni sokuqala kwakukhona ubukhona bento ebizwa ngokuthi yiCihuateteo, ukumelwa konkulunkulu besifazane, benama-torsos angenalutho futhi begqoke izigqoko ze-zoomorphic kanye neziketi ezide ezaziboshwe ngamabhande ezinyoka. Zifanekisela umhlaba, ohlanganisa umbuso wamazwe angaphansi komhlaba, futhi ziyinhlanganisela yokuzala kwabesifazane nokwamukela umzimba kamufi ezinyathelweni zabo zokuqala endleleni yobumnyama.
Umthombo: Izindima Zomlando No. 5 Ubukhosi beGulf Coast / Disemba 2000
