Okusho ukuthi eMzansi naseMelika Ephakathi kukhona lezi zakhiwo ezinkulu ezizungezwe izimfihlakalo, izinganekwane nomlando omsulwa kanti iMexico okungenani ine-15. Masizazi!
1. Iphiramidi Lomlingo
Ukwakhiwa kweMayan endaweni yasendulo yemivubukulo yase-Uxmal, esifundazweni saseYucatán.
Eyaziwa nangokuthi iphiramidi "yomthakathi" noma "umjondolo" yakhiwa ngamatshe nangokuvumelana nezinye izakhiwo ezitholakala kule ndawo.
Kukholakala ukuthi kungumsebenzi womuntu ongumthakathi owukhulise ngamamitha angama-35 ukuphakama ngesisekelo samamitha angama-54, ngosuku olulodwa nje. Lo mlingiswa ngabe uzalwe ngeqanda elitholwe ngumthakathi e-Uxmal, okwathi emva kweminyaka ezoba yinkosi yesizwe.
Iphiramidi linecebo eliyisiyingi namazinga ama-5 wendawo eyisicaba, lapho kunethempeli kulowo nalowo.
2. Ithempeli laseKukulkán
Omunye umsebenzi waseMeya nawo uvela esifundazweni saseYucatán kodwa ezinsaleleni zedolobha langaphambi kweSpanishi laseChichén Itzá.
Izici zalo zokwakha ziyefana nezasezigodlweni zasebukhosini eYurophu ngeNkathi Ephakathi, okukholakala ukuthi yisona sizathu esenza abaseSpain bayibiza ngokuthi "El Castillo" lapho beyithola ngekhulu le-15.
Isakhiwo sangaphambi kweSpanishi sekhulu le-12 singamamitha angama-24 ukuphakama ukusuka kumamitha angama-55. Ifinyelela kumamitha angama-30 uma ubala ithempeli ekugcineni kwalo.
Ngaphezu kwengcebo enjengokubaza i-jaguar enama-jade abomvu ayi-74 afakiwe, ingeza amakamelo lapho kukholwa ukuthi kwenziwe khona imikhosi nemicikilisho ngemihlatshelo.
Qinisekisa ukuyivakashela ngoba ingesinye sezimpawu zaseMexico.
3. Ithempeli Lemibhalo Eqoshiwe
Iphiramidi ende kunazo zonke enokubaluleka okungokomlando kakhulu endaweni yemivubukulo yasePalenque, esifundeni saseChiapas.
Ukwakhiwa kwe "House of the Nine Sharp Spears", njengoba kwaziwa kanjalo, kuthiwa kwenziwa ngumbuso wesiko lamaMayan ukuziqhayisa ngaleyo nkosi yasemzaneni ngaleso sikhathi, uPakal "the Great" nokuvikela umzimba wakhe lapho eseshonile.
Ukuphakama kwayo kusuka esisekelweni kungamamitha angama-22.8 anezinsiza ezi-5. Yakhiwe ngamatshe aqoshwe ngemibala ebomvu, ephuzi noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngenhla, phezulu, bekukhona ithuna lesidumbu sikaPakal.
4. IPhiramidi B laseTula
Endaweni yemivubukulo yaseTula, edolobheni laseHidalgo, uzothola elinye lamaphiramidi athile eMexico ngenxa yama-Atlanteans amakhulu aqapha phezulu kwawo.
IPhiramidi B laseTula lakhiwa ngama-pyramidal form 5 ahlanganisanayo aholela epulatifomu ebanzi, lapho kunezinsika ezime njengamaqhawe amaToltec aziwa ama-Atlanteans.
Phezulu kunemihlonipho eqoshiwe ebhekiswe ku-God Quetzalcóatl, ngakho-ke kukholelwa ukuthi kwakukhona ithempeli phezulu futhi iphiramidi lalisetshenziselwa ukukhonza omunye wonkulunkulu abakhulu kunabo bonke bangaphambi kweSpanishi.
5. IPhiramidi likaNohoch Mul
Okuphakeme kakhulu kuyo yonke iYucatan enamamitha angama-42 ukuphakama, amazinga ayi-7 nezinyathelo eziyi-120. Kutholakala endaweni yemivubukulo yaseCobá, kubhekwa njengempucuko endala kunazo zonke eMayan.
Kukholakala ukuthi ithempeli lalo phezulu laliyisikhungo semikhosi ebaluleke kakhulu.
6. IPiramidi yeTenam Puente
Yize yakhiwe ngamazinga amane nobude obungaphezudlwana kwamamitha angama-30 phakathi kuka-300 no-600 AD, kusengenye yamaphiramidi agcinwe kahle ezweni.
Uzokuthola endaweni yokuvubukula esigodini saseBallum Canan, eChiapas. Igama layo livela egameni lesiNahuatl elisho udonga noma inqaba, ngoba yilokho ukwakhiwa okubukeka ngakho.
Ingaphezulu layo lalisetshenziselwa imihlatshelo neminye imicikilisho yemikhosi.
7. IPhiramidi laseMonte Albán
Ukwakhiwa kweZapotec edolobheni lase-Oaxaca, eMote Albán, enye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zemivubukulo eMexico.
Ingenye yezincane kunazo zonke enamamitha ayi-15 kuphela ukuphakama namazinga ayi-6 ukusuka esisekelweni kuye phezulu.
Indawo yayo maqondana nezinye izakhiwo isezingeni futhi ifinyeleleka emigwaqeni eyahlukene, yingakho kukholakala ukuthi bekuyisikhungo esiyinhloko semikhosi noma imikhuba.
8. Iphiramidi yeCañada de la Virgen
Njengezinye izakhiwo ezingaphakathi kwendawo yemivubukulo yaseCañada de la Virgen, iphiramidi lakhiwe eduze komfula iLaja, isikhundla esinelungelo lokusetshenziswa kobunjiniyela bamanzi.
Ngokusho kweNational Institute of Anthropology and History, lesi sakhiwo sasetshenziswa njengewashi lenyanga ukusungula izikhathi zokuzingela nokuvuna.
Kutholakala edolobheni laseSan Miguel de Allende, enye yezimpucuko ezinkulu zeToltecas neChimecas, eMexico, ingamamitha ayi-15 ukuphakama ukusuka esisekelweni kuya phezulu, ngamazinga ama-5 ukusuka ekukhuphukeni.
I-cusp yayo inendawo eyisicaba enepulatifomu okukholelwa ukuthi bekuyithempeli noma olunye uhlobo lwesakhiwo.
9. IPhiramidi LasePeralta
Yize abaningi bethi ukwakhiwa kwayo kwenziwa yiBajío, isizwe esaziwa kancane, kubhekwa njengenye yezindawo ezimbalwa ezivamile zempucuko yaseChichimecas.
Ukwakhiwa kwawo ezungeze umfula iLerma kwaba yisinqumo esikhulu ekuchumeni kwezakhamizi zawo phakathi kweminyaka engu-200 kuya ku-700.
IPhiramidi lasePeralta eliseduzane nomphakathi wasePeralta, esifundazweni saseGuanajuato, lingamamitha angama-20 ukuphakama ngamazinga ama-5 nesiteji esinyathelwe, ongafinyelela ngaso phezulu.
Ngokungafani neminye imipiramidi yaseMexico, ingaphezulu layo linobukhulu obulinganayo nobuso baso, ngakho-ke akunqatshelwe ukuthi iphezulu lalo lisetshenziselwe imikhosi emikhulu.
10. Iphiramidi laseCalakmul
Kukhona i-4 sarcophagi ngaphakathi, wonke amalungu asendulo asebukhosini baseMayan nezinhlobonhlobo zama-hieroglyph aqoshwe etsheni. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, isikhalazo sakhe esiphezulu ngemuva kobukhulu bakhe ngokomzimba.
IPhiramidi laseCalakmul lijulile ehlathini laseYucatan, indawo yokuvubukula yalesi siza saseMayan. Kubusa phakathi kwazo zonke izimila.
Kukholakala ukuthi amakhosi noma abantu besigaba esiphakeme babehlala kuleli dolobha langaphambi kweSpanishi, isici esathi phakathi kwezinye izici sakwenza ukuthi simenyezelwe yi-Unesco ngonyaka we-2002 njengeCultural Heritage of Humanity.
11. Iphiramidi laseNiches
Esifundazweni saseVeracruz, esithathwa njengophawu lwendawo yokuvubukula yaseTajín, ingesinye sezindlela eziphakeme kakhulu zamasiko amaTotonacas.
Ezingeni ngalinye lomhlaba eli-7 kunama-crypts noma ama-niches angama-365 kuphela ku-façade, ngaphandle kokufaka ukungena okufihliwe ngaphansi kwezitebhisi.
Ukuphakama kwayo kufinyelela kumamitha angama-20 nge-cusp evulekile eyenza umuntu akholelwe ukuthi kwakhiwa ithempeli phezu kwayo noma lalisetshenziswa njengeplaza lemikhosi.
Yize umbala we-facade yayo usangulukile futhi ungwevu ngokuguguleka, wawupendwe ngokubomvu okukhulu ngombala ngamunye omnyama.
12. Iphiramidi leNyanga
Igama lakhe ngesiNahuatl nguTenan, okusho ukuthi, umama noma umvikeli wetshe. Yakhiwa njengentela kumuntu wesifazane nendima yakhe yobumama, ikakhulukazi kuNkulunkulukazi Wenyanga.
Lo mbhoshongo useGreat State of Mexico, emanxiweni aseTeotihuacán, owawuthathwa njengamadolobha amakhulu kunawo wonke eMesoamerica.
Ifinyelela kumamitha angama-43 ukuphakama nesiqongo lapho ungabona khona yonke iTeotihuacán futhi ikakhulukazi iPlaza de la Luna, eyakhiwe ngaphambi kwepiramidi ngokuma kwe-altare.
13. IPiramidi yeLanga
Amamitha ambalwa ngaphambi kwePiramidi yeNyanga iPhiramidi yeLanga, ikakhulukazi eCalzada de los Muertos, i-axis emaphakathi yaleli dolobha lasendulo laseMesoamerican.
Ifinyelela ekuphakameni cishe kwamamitha angama-64 okuyenza ibe yindawo yesithathu ephezulu kulo lonke elaseMexico.
Izinyathelo zayo ezingama-238 zokukhuphukela phezulu zilungile ngoba phezulu lapho uzozwa ukuxhumana okungenakulinganiswa nendawo.
14. IPhiramidi Elikhulu laseCholula
Isisekelo saso esingamamitha angama-400 x 400 nomthamo wamamitha ama-cubic angu-4 500,000, sikwenza kube kukhulu kunakho konke emhlabeni, kepha hhayi ukuphakama, amamitha angama-65.
Kubonakala ngethempeli lalo lamaKatolika phezulu, iSantuario de la Virgen de los Remedios, elakhiwa ngabaseSpain ngekhulu le-16 leminyaka ukuphoqelela izinkolelo zabo, ngaphezu kwenkohliso eminingi yaseMesoamerican.
IPhiramidi Elikhulu laseCholula ogama lakhe ngesiNahuatl elihumusha intaba eyenziwe ngezandla, lisendaweni yemivubukulo yaseCholula.
15. Iphiramidi laseToniná
Ukuphakama kwayo okungamamitha angama-75 kuyenza ibe nde kunazo zonke eMexico futhi ibe enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezakhiwo ezisendaweni yemivubukulo yaseToniná, edolobheni lase-Ocosingo.
Kukholakala ukuthi leli dolobha belihlala impucuko yamaMaya futhi belijwayele ukuqoqa izinduna zedolobhana, ngenxa yemibhalo eqoshiwe etsheni nezinye izinsalela ezifundwe.
Ngaphakathi kunamathempeli amabili aphakeme kakhulu kulo lonke elaseMesoamerica, iThempeli Lamajele kanye nethempeli LamaSmoky Mirrors, lapho kwakukhonzwa khona onkulunkulu basezulwini.
Ukuvakashela eToniná kanye nezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu kuyingxenye yohambo olunothile kakhulu ngamasiko ongawahlelela.
Yize eminye yale miphiramidi ithandwa kakhulu kunamanye, ukubaluleka komlando abanayo ngempucuko yasendulo yaseMesoamerican kuyefana.
Yikuphi ozovakashela kuqala? Yabelana ngombono wakho kumazwana!
