Kutholakala entshonalanga yenhlonhlo yaseBaja California, iGuadalupe Island yakha imvelo eyingqayizivele eMexico Pacific.
Kutholakala entshonalanga yenhlonhlo yaseBaja California, iGuadalupe Island yakha imvelo eyingqayizivele eMexico Pacific.
Isendaweni engamakhilomitha angaba ngu-145 entshonalanga yenhlonhlo yaseBaja California, iGuadalupe iyisiqhingi esidlondlobala kunazo zonke ePacific yaseMexico. Le paradesi enhle yemvelo inobude obungu-35 km nobubanzi obuhluka kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-10 km; Ukuphakama kwayo okuphezulu kulinganiselwa kumamitha ayi-1,300, namawa angamamitha ayi-850 alahlekile ekujuleni kolwandle.
Lesi siqhingi kuhlala abadobi be-abalone nama-lobster abanemizi yabo eCampo Oeste, lapho izakhiwo zezindlu nezikebhe zivikelwe khona itheku elihle emimoyeni enamandla nasemikhukhuleni ehlasela lesi siqhingi ebusika. Lo mphakathi omncane unogesi okhiqizwa ngabakhiqizi bezimoto abafakwe ophikweni lwezindlu, kanti umkhumbi wamasosha ubalethela isithasiselo samathani okuphuza angama-20 njalo ngenyanga.
Umoya wokungenisa izihambi esiqhingini ubonakale kusukela ekufikeni kwethu, njengoba besimenyiwe ukuba sibe nesaladi elimnandi le-abalone ne-lobster ("ngeke uthole okunye okuqabulayo", umama wekhaya wasitshela).
Esiqhingini kukhona nekamu lamasosha, engxenyeni eseningizimu, amalungu alo enza imisebenzi edingekayo yokulawula imikhumbi efika noma ishiye isiqhingi, phakathi kweminye imisebenzi.
EMexico, indawo yokudoba i-abalone ezindaweni ezehlukene incishiswe kakhulu ngenxa yokuxhashazwa okungalinganiseli kanye nokuntuleka kohlelo lokuphatha lwale nsiza eyigugu; Kodwa-ke, e-Isla Guadalupe abalone kudotshwa ngendlela enengqondo ukuze izizukulwane ezizayo zibe nethuba lokusebenza nokujabulela lokho okusinikezwa yilesi siqhingi.
Njengamanje kunabatshuzi abayisithupha be-abalone kulesi siqhingi. Usuku lomsebenzi alulula, luqala ngo-7 ekuseni. futhi iphela ngo-2 ntambama; bagxuma amahora amane ngosuku ngama-fathoms ayi-8-10 ajulile, kulokho abakubiza ngokuthi "i-tide". EGuadalupe ugxuma ngepayipi (i-huka) futhi awusebenzisi imishini ejwayelekile yokuzimela ye-diving (scuba). Ukudoba i-Abalone kwenziwa ngokukhethekile ngababili; Esisele esikebheni, esibizwa ngokuthi “ulayini wokuphila”, sibhekene nokuqinisekisa ukuthi isiguquli somoya sisebenza kahle futhi siqondisa izigwedlo; Uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo, umtshuzi unikeza amajezi aqinile ayisihlanu ku-hose ukuze asindiswe ngokushesha ngumlingani wakhe.
UDemetrio, umtshuzi oneminyaka engu-21 osebenze kulesi siqhingi iminyaka engu-2, usitshela lokhu okulandelayo: “Ngangithi ngicishe ngiqedele lo msebenzi ngesikhathi ngiphenduka ngokuzumayo ngabona ushaka omkhulu, ongangesikebhe; Ngacasha emhumeni ngenkathi ushaka ezungeza amahlandla ambalwa ngabe senginquma ukuhlehla; Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba nginikeze ukudonsa ngamandla okuhlanu ku-hose ukuze asindiswe ngumlingani wami. Ngigijime ngoshaka amahlandla ama-2, bonke abatshuzi lapha bayibonile futhi kukhona nokuhlaselwa okubulalayo kwabantu yila ma-colossi ”.
Ukudoba ama-lobster akunabungozi kangako, njengoba kwenziwa ngezicupho ezenziwe ngokhuni, ngaphakathi lapho kufakwa khona izinhlanzi ezintsha ukuheha ama-lobster; Lezi zingibe zicwiliswe kumafathomu angama-30 noma angama-40, zihlala phansi olwandle ubusuku bonke futhi ukubamba kubuyekezwa ngakusasa ekuseni. I-abalone ne-lobster kushiywa “kumarisidi” (amabhokisi acwiliswe olwandle) ukuze kugcinwe ukuvuthwa kwawo, futhi ekufikeni kwendiza masonto onke noma phakathi kwamasonto amabili, ukudla kwasolwandle okusha kuyiswa ngqo kumfelandawonye e-Ensenada, lapho kuphekwa khona kamuva. nokuwafaka emathinini, kuyathengiswa ezimakethe zikazwelonke nezamazwe omhlaba. Amagobolondo e-abalone athengiswa ezitolo njengama-curios negobolondo leparele ukwenza amacici, amasongo neminye imihlobiso.
Ngesikhathi sihlala eGuadeloupe sahlangana no "Russo", umdobi onamandla futhi onamandla, osekhulile; Uhlale esiqhingini kusukela ngo-1963. "UmRussia" usimema ukuba siphuze ikhofi ekhaya lakhe ngenkathi elandisa ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe: "Okuhlangenwe nakho okuqine kakhulu ebenginakho kuyo yonke le minyaka yokuntywila kulesi siqhingi ukubonakala koshaka omhlophe, njengokubona i-zeppelin ezansi lapho; akukho okungihlabe umxhwele ngaphezu kwayo yonke impilo yami njengomtshuzi; Ngimncome amahlandla angama-22 ”.
Umsebenzi wabadobi base-Isla Guadalupe udinga ukunakwa nokuhlonishwa. Ngenxa yabatshuzi, singajabulela isidlo esimnandi se-abalone noma se-lobster; Bayakuhlonipha ukuvalwa komthombo futhi banakekele ukuthi awebiwe yizigebengu noma imikhumbi yangaphandle; bona, babeka izimpilo zabo engcupheni nsuku zonke, ngoba uma benenkinga yokwehla kwamandla emizwa, eyenzeka kaningi, abanalo ikamelo lokuncipha okudingekayo ukusindisa impilo yabo (ukubambisana okuyingxenye yabo futhi okutholakala e-Ensenada , kufanele wenze umzamo wokuthola eyodwa).
IFLORA NEFUNUNA "KWENZIWE"
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi siqhingi sinezimbali nezilwane ezingenakuqhathaniswa: maqondana nezilwane zasolwandle, inani labantu baseGuadeloupe fine seal (Arctocephalus townstendi) kanye nendlovu yasolwandle (iMirounga angustrirostris), ecishe yaphela ngenxa yokuzingela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ithole ukubonga ngokuvikelwa kukahulumeni waseMexico. Uphawu oluhle, ibhubesi lasolwandle (iZalophus californianus) nophawu lwendlovu kutholakala kubekiwe emakoloni amancane; Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zimelela ukudla okuyinhloko komzingeli wazo, ushaka omhlophe.
Abantu abahlala esiQhingini saseGuadalupe badla kakhulu kuzinsiza zasolwandle, njengezinhlanzi, ama-lobster kanye ne-abalone, phakathi kwabanye; kodwa-ke, ibuye idle izimbuzi ezalethwa abazingeli bemikhomo ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Umkhankaso weCalifornia Academy of Sciences walinganisela ukuthi ngo-1922 kwakunezimbuzi eziphakathi kuka-40,000 no-60,000; namuhla kunenkolelo yokuthi cishe acishe abe ngu-8 000 kuya ku-12 000. Lezi zilwane ezisolwayo ziye zaqothula uhlaza lwendabuko lwesiQhingi saseGuadalupe ngoba azinazo izidliwayo; kukhona izinja namakati esiqhingini, kodwa aziqedi inani lezimbuzi (bheka i-Unknown Mexico No. 210, Agasti 1994).
Izimbuzi ezisesiQhingini saseGuadalupe kuthiwa zingezokudabuka eRussia. Abadobi baphawula ukuthi la ma-quadrupeed awanawo ama-parasites; abantu bavame ukuwadla kuma-carnitas, i-asado noma i-barbecue, nengxenye eyomile yenyama enosawoti omningi, ocingweni olulenga elangeni.
Lapho amanzi ephela eCampo Oeste, abadobi bathatha izigubhu zabo zenjoloba ngeloli baye emthonjeni ongamamitha ayi-1,200 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Kunezindawo ezingama-25 km ezinendawo embi, cishe engenakufinyeleleka, ukufinyelela entwasahlobo; Yilapho ihlathi le-cypress, elisemamitheni ayi-1,250 ngaphezulu kogu lolwandle, lidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu esiQhingini saseGuadalupe, ngoba ngenxa yalezi zihlahla ezinhle kugcinwa isiphethu kuphela esiqhingini, esibiyelwe ukuvimbela ukungena kwezimbuzi nezinja. Inkinga ukuthi leli hlathi le-cypress elintekenteke lilahleka ngokushesha, ngenxa yokudla okunamandla kwezimbuzi, okubangela ukuguguleka nokuncipha kwehlathi kancane kancane, kanye nokulahleka kokwehlukahlukana nokuchichima kwezinyoni ezisebenzisa lesi simiso semvelo esiyingqayizivele. Izihlahla ezimbalwa ezikhona kulesi siqhingi, amanzi amancane atholakala entwasahlobo yomphakathi odobayo.
UMnu. Francisco ungowomphakathi wabadobi futhi unesibopho sokuletha amanzi eCampo Oeste lapho edingeka: “Njalo lapho siza amanzi sithatha izimbuzi ezi-4 noma ezi-5, zifriziwe futhi zithengiswe e-Ensenada, zenziwa lapho izoso; ukubanjwa kulula ngoba inja isisiza ukuba siyibeke ekhoneni ”. Uthi wonke umuntu ufuna kuqedwe izimbuzi, ngenxa yenkinga ayimele ezimileni, kepha alukho usizo oluvela kuhulumeni.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhuba umkhankaso wokuqothulwa kwezimbuzi, ngoba izintende, amaphayini nemipayipi ayikaze izalane kusukela ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule; Uma isinqumo esinzima singathathwa yiziphathimandla, kuzolahleka imvelo eyingqayizivele enendawo yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezibalulekile zendawo, kanye nentwasahlobo lapho imindeni ehlala esiqhingini incike kuyo.
Futhi kungashiwo okufanayo nangezinye iziqhingi zasolwandle ePacific yaseMexico, njengeClarión neSocorro, eseziqhingini zaseRevillagigedo.
Isikhathi esikahle sokuvakashela isiQhingi saseGuadalupe sisuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba, ngoba azikho izivunguvungu ngaleso sikhathi.
UMA UYA E-ISLA GUADALUPE
Lesi siqhingi singamakhilomitha ayi-145 entshonalanga, sisuka ethekwini lase-Ensenada, B.C. Ingatholakala ngesikebhe noma ngendiza, esuka masonto onke ukusuka esikhumulweni sezindiza esise-El Maneadero, e-Ensenada.
Umthombo: IMexico engaziwa No. 287 / Januwari 2001
